महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-144, verse-25

अग्निवर्णो ज्वलन्धीमान्स द्विजो रथधुर्यवत् ।
प्रतोदेनातुदद्बालां रुक्मिणीं मम पश्यतः ॥२५॥

25. agnivarṇo jvalandhīmānsa dvijo rathadhuryavat ,
pratodenātudadbālāṁ rukmiṇīṁ mama paśyataḥ.

25. agnivarṇaḥ jvalan dhīmān sa dvijaḥ rathadhuryavat
pratodena atudat bālām rukmiṇīm mama paśyataḥ

25. saḥ agnivarnaḥ jvalan dhīmān dvijaḥ rathadhuryavat
pratodena mama paśyataḥ bālām rukmiṇīm atudat

25. That (dvija), fiery-hued, radiant, and intelligent, acted like a charioteer. With a goad, he drove the young woman Rukmini, while I watched.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्निवर्णः (agnivarṇaḥ) - Fiery-hued, describing the (dvija). (fire-colored, having the color of fire)

• ज्वलन् (jvalan) - Radiant. (blazing, shining, burning)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

• स (sa) - The (muni) (sage). (he, that)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - The Brahmin (muni). (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)

• रथधुर्यवत् (rathadhuryavat) - like a charioteer, in the manner of a charioteer

• प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with a goad, with a whip

• अतुदत् (atudat) - He drove (her). (he pricked, he drove, he tormented)

• बालाम् (bālām) - Rukmini, who is a young woman. (young woman, girl)

• रुक्मिणीम् (rukmiṇīm) - The specific individual Rukmini. (Rukmini (proper noun))

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - While I was watching. (seeing, watching (genitive singular))

Words meanings and morphology

अग्निवर्णः (agnivarṇaḥ) - Fiery-hued, describing the (dvija). (fire-colored, having the color of fire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agnivarna

agnivarna - having the color of fire, fiery-hued

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (agni+varna)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• varna – color, class, caste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'

ज्वलन् (jvalan) - Radiant. (blazing, shining, burning)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, shining, burning

Present Active Participle

From root 'jval' (to blaze)

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'

धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

From 'dhī' (thought, intelligence) + 'matup' suffix

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'

स (sa) - The (muni) (sage). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the (muni)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - The Brahmin (muni). (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a Brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth

From 'dvi' (twice) + 'jan' (to be born)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the (muni)

रथधुर्यवत् (rathadhuryavat) - like a charioteer, in the manner of a charioteer

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding the suffix -vat (like, as) to the compound 'rathadhurya'.

प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with a goad, with a whip

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, whip

From root 'tud' (to prick) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: tud (class 6)

अतुदत् (atudat) - He drove (her). (he pricked, he drove, he tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (Laṅ) of tud

Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice.

Root: tud (class 6)

बालाम् (bālām) - Rukmini, who is a young woman. (young woman, girl)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - girl, young woman, child

Feminine form of 'bāla' (child, young)

Note: Qualifies Rukmini.

रुक्मिणीम् (rukmiṇīm) - The specific individual Rukmini. (Rukmini (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rukmiṇī

rukmiṇī - Rukmini (name of Krishna's chief queen)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - While I was watching. (seeing, watching (genitive singular))

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with 'paśya' stem

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction with 'mama'.