महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-64

उभे दृष्ट्वा दुःखसुखे राज्यं प्राप्य यदृच्छया ।
राज्येनामात्यसंस्थेन कथं राजन्प्रमाद्यसि ॥६४॥

64. ubhe dṛṣṭvā duḥkhasukhe rājyaṁ prāpya yadṛcchayā ,
rājyenāmātyasaṁsthena kathaṁ rājanpramādyasi.

64. ubhe dṛṣṭvā duḥkhasukhe rājyaṃ prāpya yadṛcchayā
rājyena amātyasaṃsthena kathaṃ rājan pramādyasi

64. rājan ubhe duḥkhasukhe dṛṣṭvā yadṛcchayā rājyaṃ
prāpya amātyasaṃsthena rājyena kathaṃ pramādyasi

64. O King, having experienced both suffering and happiness, and having obtained the kingdom by chance, how can you be negligent concerning a kingdom that is dependent on ministers?

Words meanings summery:

• उभे (ubhe) - both (feminine/neuter dual)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• दुःखसुखे (duḥkhasukhe) - (both) sorrow and joy

• राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, sovereignty

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, accidentally, spontaneously

• राज्येन (rājyena) - with the kingdom, concerning the kingdom (by the kingdom)

• अमात्यसंस्थेन (amātyasaṁsthena) - established through ministers, dependent on ministers

• कथं (kathaṁ) - why (expressing disapproval) (how, why)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• प्रमाद्यसि (pramādyasi) - you are careless, you neglect, you are heedless

Words meanings and morphology

उभे (ubhe) - both (feminine/neuter dual)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always occurs in the dual.

Note: Agrees with duḥkhasukhe.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see), with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुःखसुखे (duḥkhasukhe) - (both) sorrow and joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of duḥkhasukha

duḥkhasukha - pain and pleasure, sorrow and joy

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : Dvandva (duḥkha+sukha)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

From rāj (king)

Root: rāj

Note: Object of prāpya.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From pra-āp (to obtain, reach), with suffix -ya.

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, accidentally, spontaneously

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, accident, free will, spontaneity

Compound: yat + ṛcchā.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yad+ṛcchā)

• yad – which, what, that
  pronoun (neuter)
  Neuter singular nominative/accusative of 'yad'.
• ṛcchā – wish, desire, will
  noun (feminine)
  From root ṛch (to go, to move, to obtain).
  Root: ṛch (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or manner of obtaining the kingdom.

राज्येन (rājyena) - with the kingdom, concerning the kingdom (by the kingdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

From rāj (king)

Root: rāj

Note: Refers to the kingdom being neglected.

अमात्यसंस्थेन (amātyasaṁsthena) - established through ministers, dependent on ministers

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of amātyasaṃstha

amātyasaṁstha - dependent on ministers, having ministers for its establishment

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'that which has its existence/establishment through ministers'.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (amātya+saṃstha)

• amātya – minister, companion, councilor
  noun (masculine)
  From root am (to go) + suffix -atya.
  Root: am
• saṃstha – standing with, existing, established, abiding in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā
  From sam-sthā (to stand together, to be established), but here as an adjective.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

कथं (kathaṁ) - why (expressing disapproval) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

प्रमाद्यसि (pramādyasi) - you are careless, you neglect, you are heedless

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-mad

Present active indicative

From pra-mad, 4th conjugation, parasmaipada.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)