महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-48

तेनैवोपेन्धनो नूनं दावो दहति दारुणः ।
तथोपमा ह्यमात्यास्ते राजंस्तान्परिशोधय ॥४८॥

48. tenaivopendhano nūnaṁ dāvo dahati dāruṇaḥ ,
tathopamā hyamātyāste rājaṁstānpariśodhaya.

48. tena eva upendhanaḥ nūnam dāvaḥ dahati dāruṇaḥ
tathā upamā hi amātyāḥ te rājan tān pariśodaya

48. nūnam dāruṇaḥ dāvaḥ tena eva upendhanaḥ [san] dahati.
rājan tathā hi te amātyāḥ upamā [santi]; tān pariśodaya.

48. Certainly, a terrible forest fire burns, fueled by that very (thicket). Similarly, O King, your ministers are like that; therefore, purify them completely.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that (thicket mentioned in the previous verse) (by that, with that)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'that very thing' (indeed, certainly, only)

• उपेन्धनः (upendhanaḥ) - referring to the forest fire, implying it is fueled by the thicket (having fuel, fueled by)

• नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, indeed

• दावः (dāvaḥ) - forest fire, conflagration

• दहति (dahati) - burns, consumes, destroys

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - describing the severity of the forest fire (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• तथा (tathā) - introduces the comparison of ministers to the thicket/fire (similarly, thus, so)

• उपमा (upamā) - referring to the ministers being comparable to the thicket that causes destruction (comparison, simile, analogy)

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the comparison (indeed, surely, for)

• अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - referring to the king's political advisors (ministers, companions, counselors)

• ते (te) - your

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तान् (tān) - referring to the ministers (them)

• परिशोदय (pariśodaya) - imperative for the king to remove or reform his ministers (purify completely, cleanse thoroughly)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that (thicket mentioned in the previous verse) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'that very thing' (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

उपेन्धनः (upendhanaḥ) - referring to the forest fire, implying it is fueled by the thicket (having fuel, fueled by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upendhana

upendhana - fuel, kindling; (as adjective) having fuel, containing fuel

Compound of upa (near/secondary) and indhana (fuel). Can also be seen as upa + indhana (internal sandhi i + i = e)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upa+indhana)

• upa – near, by, secondary, minor
  indeclinable
• indhana – fuel, kindling wood
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'dāvaḥ'

नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

दावः (dāvaḥ) - forest fire, conflagration

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, conflagration; a portion of a forest

दहति (dahati) - burns, consumes, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dah

Root: dah (class 1)

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - describing the severity of the forest fire (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, fierce, severe, cruel

Note: Adjective modifying 'dāvaḥ'

तथा (tathā) - introduces the comparison of ministers to the thicket/fire (similarly, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उपमा (upamā) - referring to the ministers being comparable to the thicket that causes destruction (comparison, simile, analogy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upamā

upamā - comparison, simile, analogy; anything compared to another

हि (hi) - emphasizes the comparison (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - referring to the king's political advisors (ministers, companions, counselors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, companion, counselor; a relative or kinsman

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Used as a possessive pronoun here, 'your ministers'

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

तान् (tān) - referring to the ministers (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिशोदय (pariśodaya) - imperative for the king to remove or reform his ministers (purify completely, cleanse thoroughly)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pariśodaya

Causative of root śudh (to purify) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: śudh (class 4)