महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-15

तेन विप्रकृताः सर्वे राजयुक्ताः कुरूद्वह ।
तमतिक्रम्य सुप्तस्य निशि काकमपोथयन् ॥१५॥

15. tena viprakṛtāḥ sarve rājayuktāḥ kurūdvaha ,
tamatikramya suptasya niśi kākamapothayan.

15. tena viprakṛtāḥ sarve rājayuktāḥ kurūdvaha
tam atikramya suptasya niśi kākam apothayan

15. kurūdvaha tena viprakṛtāḥ sarve rājayuktāḥ
tam atikramya niśi suptasya kākam apothayan

15. O best of the Kurus, provoked by him, all those government officials bypassed him and killed the crow at night while he was asleep.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• विप्रकृताः (viprakṛtāḥ) - provoked, harassed, insulted, distressed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• राजयुक्ताः (rājayuktāḥ) - engaged in royal service, government officials, state officers

• कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of the Kurus

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having gone beyond

• सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one

• निशि (niśi) - at night

• काकम् (kākam) - crow

• अपोथयन् (apothayan) - they killed, they battered, they crushed

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विप्रकृताः (viprakṛtāḥ) - provoked, harassed, insulted, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viprakṛta

viprakṛta - provoked, harassed, insulted

Past Passive Participle

vi + pra + kṛ

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

राजयुक्ताः (rājayuktāḥ) - engaged in royal service, government officials, state officers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājayukta

rājayukta - engaged in royal service, government official

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+yukta)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – engaged, employed, yoked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  yuj + ta
  Root: yuj (class 7)

कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - best of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, best, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  ud + vah + a
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having gone beyond

(indeclinable)

absolutive

ati + kram + ya

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of supta

supta - sleeping, asleep

Past Passive Participle

svap + ta

Root: svap (class 2)

निशि (niśi) - at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

काकम् (kākam) - crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

अपोथयन् (apothayan) - they killed, they battered, they crushed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pothay

causative

poth (curative/causative stem)

Root: poth (class 10)

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