महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-58

मुनिरुवाच ।
अदर्शयन्निमं दोषमेकैकं दुर्बलं कुरु ।
ततः कारणमाज्ञाय पुरुषं पुरुषं जहि ॥५८॥

58. muniruvāca ,
adarśayannimaṁ doṣamekaikaṁ durbalaṁ kuru ,
tataḥ kāraṇamājñāya puruṣaṁ puruṣaṁ jahi.

58. muniḥ uvāca adarśayan imam doṣam ekaikam durbalam
kuru tataḥ kāraṇam ājñāya puruṣam puruṣam jahi

58. muniḥ uvāca imam doṣam adarśayan ekaikam durbalam
kuru tataḥ kāraṇam ājñāya puruṣam puruṣam jahi

58. The sage said: Without revealing this flaw, weaken each (opponent) one by one. Then, having understood the reason, defeat each man (puruṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - The sage (who is speaking) (sage, ascetic)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - not showing, without revealing

• इमम् (imam) - this (specific) (this)

• दोषम् (doṣam) - this weakness (of the enemy) (fault, defect, flaw, weakness)

• एकैकम् (ekaikam) - each one, one by one, singly

• दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - make (them) weak (weak, feeble)

• कुरु (kuru) - make (them) weak (do, make, perform)

• ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, next (then, from that, afterwards)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the underlying reason (for their weakness or how to defeat them) (cause, reason, motive)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having clearly understood (having known, having understood)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - each individual opponent (man, person, male)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - each individual opponent (man, person, male)

• जहि (jahi) - defeat, eliminate (the opponent) (strike, smite, destroy, kill)

Words meanings and morphology

मुनिः (muniḥ) - The sage (who is speaking) (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint, hermit

From root `मन` (man) - to think, contemplate.

Root: man (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

Root `vac` takes reduplication in perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - not showing, without revealing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, causing to see

present active participle

From causative root `dṛś` (to see), with suffix `-at`. Negated by `a-` prefix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used here adverbially to mean 'without revealing'.

इमम् (imam) - this (specific) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

दोषम् (doṣam) - this weakness (of the enemy) (fault, defect, flaw, weakness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, sin, vice, weakness

From root `duṣ` (to spoil, be bad).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

एकैकम् (ekaikam) - each one, one by one, singly

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, one by one, individual

Formed by reduplication of `eka`.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+eka)

• eka – one, single, alone
  adjective
• eka – one, single, alone
  adjective

Note: Adverbial use of accusative singular.

दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - make (them) weak (weak, feeble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

From `dur-` (bad, difficult) + `bala` (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

कुरु (kuru) - make (them) weak (do, make, perform)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of kṛ

imperative active 2nd singular

Root of the 8th class (tanādi).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, next (then, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from pronoun `tad`.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the underlying reason (for their weakness or how to defeat them) (cause, reason, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From causative root `kṛ` (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having clearly understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

From `ā-` + root `jñā` (to know).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - each individual opponent (man, person, male)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being; the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Repetition (`puruṣam puruṣam`) emphasizes 'each and every'.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - each individual opponent (man, person, male)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being; the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Repetition (`puruṣam puruṣam`) emphasizes 'each and every'.

जहि (jahi) - defeat, eliminate (the opponent) (strike, smite, destroy, kill)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of han

imperative active 2nd singular

Root of the 2nd class (adādi). Irregular form in imperative.

Root: han (class 2)