महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-54

न हि तेषामहं द्रुग्धस्तत्तेषां दोषवद्गतम् ।
अरेर्हि दुर्हताद्भेयं भग्नपृष्ठादिवोरगात् ॥५४॥

54. na hi teṣāmahaṁ drugdhastatteṣāṁ doṣavadgatam ,
arerhi durhatādbheyaṁ bhagnapṛṣṭhādivoragāt.

54. na hi teṣām aham drughdhaḥ tat teṣām doṣavat gatam
areḥ hi durhatāt bheyām bhagnapṛṣṭhāt iva uragāt

54. aham teṣām na hi drughdhaḥ; tat teṣām doṣavat gatam.
hi areḥ durhatāt bheyām bhagnapṛṣṭhāt uragāt iva.

54. I have certainly not wronged them; rather, their behavior has been faulty. Indeed, one should fear an enemy who has been greatly wronged, just as one fears a snake with a broken back.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• अहम् (aham) - I

• द्रुघ्धः (drughdhaḥ) - harmed, wronged, injured

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• दोषवत् (doṣavat) - faulty, blameworthy, defective

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, become, happened

• अरेः (areḥ) - of an enemy, from an enemy

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• दुर्हतात् (durhatāt) - from an enemy who has been greatly wronged and thus dangerous (from one severely wronged/injured, from an ill-wisher)

• भेयम् (bheyam) - to be feared, fearsome

• भग्नपृष्ठात् (bhagnapṛṣṭhāt) - from a snake with a broken back (from one with a broken back)

• इव (iva) - like, as, just as

• उरगात् (uragāt) - from a snake

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter plural genitive.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

द्रुघ्धः (drughdhaḥ) - harmed, wronged, injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drughdha

drughdha - harmed, wronged, injured, betrayed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √druh (to hurt, injure, betray)

Root: druh (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, therefore, thus

Note: Can also function as an indeclinable meaning 'therefore'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter plural genitive.

दोषवत् (doṣavat) - faulty, blameworthy, defective

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of doṣavat

doṣavat - faulty, blameworthy, defective, having faults

Derived from doṣa (fault) with the possessive suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with 'tat' (that action/matter).

गतम् (gatam) - gone, become, happened

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, become, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √gam (to go, move)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicates the state of 'tat' (that action/matter).

अरेः (areḥ) - of an enemy, from an enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, opponent, foe

Note: Can be genitive or ablative singular. Here, ablative 'from an enemy' is more likely with 'bheyam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

दुर्हतात् (durhatāt) - from an enemy who has been greatly wronged and thus dangerous (from one severely wronged/injured, from an ill-wisher)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of durhata

durhata - severely injured, badly treated, ill-disposed, wicked

Past Passive Participle

Compound 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'hata' (killed, struck, injured) from √han

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+hata)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• hata – struck, killed, injured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'areḥ' (enemy), implying 'from an enemy who is durhata'.

भेयम् (bheyam) - to be feared, fearsome

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bheya

bheya - to be feared, fearsome, terrible

Gerundive

Derived from the root √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

भग्नपृष्ठात् (bhagnapṛṣṭhāt) - from a snake with a broken back (from one with a broken back)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhagnapṛṣṭha

bhagnapṛṣṭha - having a broken back

Compound 'bhagna' (broken) + 'pṛṣṭha' (back)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhagna+pṛṣṭha)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, rear
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe 'uraga' (snake).

इव (iva) - like, as, just as

(indeclinable)

उरगात् (uragāt) - from a snake

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally 'chest-goer')