महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-83, verse-40

अग्निना तामसं दुर्गं नौभिराप्यं च गम्यते ।
राजदुर्गावतरणे नोपायं पण्डिता विदुः ॥४०॥

40. agninā tāmasaṁ durgaṁ naubhirāpyaṁ ca gamyate ,
rājadurgāvataraṇe nopāyaṁ paṇḍitā viduḥ.

40. agninā tāmasaṃ durgam naubhiḥ āpyam ca gamyate
rāja-durga-avataraṇe na upāyam paṇḍitāḥ viduḥ

40. tāmasam durgam agninā ca naubhiḥ āpyam gamyate
paṇḍitāḥ rāja-durga-avataraṇe upāyam na viduḥ

40. A dark, impenetrable stronghold is reached with fire and boats, but wise people know of no means to overcome a fortress guarded by a king.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्निना (agninā) - by fire, with fire

• तामसम् (tāmasam) - dark, made of darkness, characterized by darkness

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - stronghold, difficult place, fortress

• नौभिः (naubhiḥ) - by boats, with boats

• आप्यम् (āpyam) - to be reached, accessible

• च (ca) - and

• गम्यते (gamyate) - is reached, is gone to

• राज-दुर्ग-अवतरणे (rāja-durga-avataraṇe) - in overcoming a fortress guarded by a king

• न (na) - not

• उपायम् (upāyam) - means, way, expedient

• पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - wise people, scholars

• विदुः (viduḥ) - know

Words meanings and morphology

अग्निना (agninā) - by fire, with fire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the fire god

तामसम् (tāmasam) - dark, made of darkness, characterized by darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - dark, of darkness

दुर्गम् (durgam) - stronghold, difficult place, fortress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - stronghold, fortress, difficult place

नौभिः (naubhiḥ) - by boats, with boats

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of nau

nau - boat, ship

आप्यम् (āpyam) - to be reached, accessible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āpya

āpya - to be reached, to be obtained

Gerundive

from āp with ya

Root: āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

गम्यते (gamyate) - is reached, is gone to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

राज-दुर्ग-अवतरणे (rāja-durga-avataraṇe) - in overcoming a fortress guarded by a king

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāja-durga-avataraṇa

rāja-durga-avataraṇa - overcoming a king's stronghold

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāja+durga-avataraṇa)

• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)
• durga-avataraṇa – overcoming a stronghold
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उपायम् (upāyam) - means, way, expedient

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, way, expedient

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - wise people, scholars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise person, scholar

विदुः (viduḥ) - know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

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