महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-329, verse-38

अथ मैत्रावरुणिः कुम्भयोनिरगस्त्यो महर्षीन्विक्रियमाणांस्तान्नहुषेणापश्यत् ।
पद्भ्यां च तेनास्पृश्यत ।
ततः स नहुषमब्रवीदकार्यप्रवृत्त पाप पतस्व महीम् ।
सर्पो भव यावद्भूमिर्गिरयश्च तिष्ठेयुस्तावदिति ।
स महर्षिवाक्यसमकालमेव तस्माद्यानादवापतत् ॥३८॥

38. atha maitrāvaruṇiḥ kumbhayoniragastyo maharṣīnvikriyamāṇāṁstānnahuṣeṇāpaśyat ,
padbhyāṁ ca tenāspṛśyata ,
tataḥ sa nahuṣamabravīdakāryapravṛtta pāpa patasva mahīm ,
sarpo bhava yāvadbhūmirgirayaśca tiṣṭheyustāvaditi ,
sa maharṣivākyasamakālameva tasmādyānādavāpatat.

38. atha maitrāvaruṇiḥ kumbha-yoniḥ agastyaḥ mahā-ṛṣīn vikriyamāṇān tān nahuṣeṇa
apaśyat | padbhyām ca tena aspṛśyata | tataḥ saḥ nahuṣam abravīt
akārya-pravṛtta pāpa patasva mahīm | sarpaḥ bhava yāvat bhūmiḥ girayaḥ ca
tiṣṭheyuḥ tāvat iti | saḥ mahā-ṛṣi-vākya-sama-kālam eva tasmāt yānāt avāpatat

38. Then Maitrāvaruṇi, Agastya of jar-birth, saw those great sages (maharṣi) being tormented by Nahuṣa. And he (Agastya) was touched by Nahuṣa with his feet. Thereupon, he (Agastya) said to Nahuṣa, "O evil one, engaged in improper action, fall to the earth! Become a serpent for as long as the earth and mountains endure!" At the very same moment as the great sage's (maharṣi) pronouncement, he fell from that vehicle.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• मैत्रावरुणिः (maitrāvaruṇiḥ) - Maitrāvaruṇi (an epithet for Agastya) (son of Mitra and Varuṇa (a name for Agastya))

• कुम्भ-योनिः (kumbha-yoniḥ) - jar-born (an epithet for Agastya)

• अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya (Agastya (name of a sage))

• महा-ऋषीन् (mahā-ṛṣīn) - great sages (maharṣi) (great sages)

• विक्रियमाणान् (vikriyamāṇān) - being tormented (being tormented, being subjected to change)

• तान् (tān) - those (sages) (those (masculine))

• नहुषेण (nahuṣeṇa) - by Nahuṣa

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - with his feet (with feet, by feet (dual))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Nahuṣa) (by him, by that (masculine))

• अस्पृश्यत (aspṛśyata) - he was touched (by Nahuṣa) (he was touched)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thence, therefore)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Agastya) (he, that (masculine))

• नहुषम् (nahuṣam) - Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa (accusative))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, she said)

• अकार्य-प्रवृत्त (akārya-pravṛtta) - O, engaged in improper action (engaged in improper action)

• पाप (pāpa) - O evil one! (evil, sinful, wicked)

• पतस्व (patasva) - fall down!

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth (earth, ground)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a serpent (serpent, snake)

• भव (bhava) - become! (become!, be!)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as long as (as long as, as much as)

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - the earth (earth, ground, land)

• गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuḥ) - they may endure (they may stand, they may exist, they may endure)

• तावत् (tāvat) - so long (so long, so much, to that extent)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking direct speech) (thus, so)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Nahuṣa) (he, that (masculine))

• महा-ऋषि-वाक्य-सम-कालम् (mahā-ṛṣi-vākya-sama-kālam) - at the very same moment as the great sage's (maharṣi) pronouncement (at the same time as the great sage's word)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, only, just)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (vehicle) (from that, therefore)

• यानात् (yānāt) - from the vehicle (from the vehicle, from the chariot)

• अवापतत् (avāpatat) - he fell down

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

मैत्रावरुणिः (maitrāvaruṇiḥ) - Maitrāvaruṇi (an epithet for Agastya) (son of Mitra and Varuṇa (a name for Agastya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitrāvaruṇi

maitrāvaruṇi - son of Mitra and Varuṇa (referring to Agastya)

कुम्भ-योनिः (kumbha-yoniḥ) - jar-born (an epithet for Agastya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbha-yoni

kumbha-yoni - jar-born (referring to Agastya's origin from a jar)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+yoni)

• kumbha – jar, pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source
  noun (feminine)

अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya (Agastya (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya (a revered Vedic sage)

महा-ऋषीन् (mahā-ṛṣīn) - great sages (maharṣi) (great sages)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahā-ṛṣi

mahā-ṛṣi - great sage, a revered seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

विक्रियमाणान् (vikriyamāṇān) - being tormented (being tormented, being subjected to change)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vikriyamāṇa

vikriyamāṇa - being changed, being transformed, being tormented, being disturbed

Present Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) with upasarga vi-, in the passive voice, referring to being changed/tormented

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तान् (tān) - those (sages) (those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

नहुषेण (nahuṣeṇa) - by Nahuṣa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahuṣa (a mythical king)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect (Pāṇinian 'paś' substitution)

From root dṛś which takes 'paś' in present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - with his feet (with feet, by feet (dual))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, step, quarter of a verse

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (Nahuṣa) (by him, by that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

अस्पृश्यत (aspṛśyata) - he was touched (by Nahuṣa) (he was touched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of spṛś

Imperfect (Passive)

Root: spṛś (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Agastya) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

नहुषम् (nahuṣam) - Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahuṣa (a mythical king)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, she said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Root: brū (class 2)

अकार्य-प्रवृत्त (akārya-pravṛtta) - O, engaged in improper action (engaged in improper action)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of akārya-pravṛtta

akārya-pravṛtta - engaged in improper action, acting wrongly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akārya+pravṛtta)

• akārya – improper action, unfit to be done
  noun (neuter)
• pravṛtta – engaged in, begun, active
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

पाप (pāpa) - O evil one! (evil, sinful, wicked)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, bad; sin, evil deed

पतस्व (patasva) - fall down!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of pat

Imperative (Middle Voice)

Root: pat (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a serpent (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

भव (bhava) - become! (become!, be!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative

Root: bhū (class 1)

यावत् (yāvat) - as long as (as long as, as much as)

(indeclinable)

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - the earth (earth, ground, land)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuḥ) - they may endure (they may stand, they may exist, they may endure)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of sthā

Optative

Root: sthā (class 1)

तावत् (tāvat) - so long (so long, so much, to that extent)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus (marking direct speech) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Nahuṣa) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

महा-ऋषि-वाक्य-सम-कालम् (mahā-ṛṣi-vākya-sama-kālam) - at the very same moment as the great sage's (maharṣi) pronouncement (at the same time as the great sage's word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahā-ṛṣi-vākya-sama-kāla

mahā-ṛṣi-vākya-sama-kāla - at the same time as the word/speech of the great sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā-ṛṣi-vākya+sama-kāla)

• mahā-ṛṣi – great sage, a revered seer
  noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, statement, sentence
  noun (neuter)
• sama – same, equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, moment
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative of time)

एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (vehicle) (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

यानात् (yānāt) - from the vehicle (from the vehicle, from the chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - vehicle, chariot, going, journey

From root yā (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

अवापतत् (avāpatat) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ava-pat

Imperfect

From root pat (to fall) with upasarga ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: pat (class 1)