महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-329, verse-35

तामिन्द्रः पत्नीं कृशां ग्लानां च दृष्ट्वा चिन्तयां बभूव ।
अहो मम महद्दुःखमिदमद्योपगतम् ।
नष्टं हि मामियमन्विष्योपागमद्दुःखार्तेति ।
तामिन्द्र उवाच कथं वर्तयसीति ।
सा तमुवाच ।
नहुषो मामाह्वयति ।
कालश्चास्य मया कृत इति ॥३५॥

35. tāmindraḥ patnīṁ kṛśāṁ glānāṁ ca dṛṣṭvā cintayāṁ babhūva ,
aho mama mahadduḥkhamidamadyopagatam ,
naṣṭaṁ hi māmiyamanviṣyopāgamadduḥkhārteti ,
tāmindra uvāca kathaṁ vartayasīti ,
sā tamuvāca ,
nahuṣo māmāhvayati ,
kālaścāsya mayā kṛta iti.

35. tām indraḥ patnīm kṛśām glānām ca dṛṣṭvā cintayām babhūva | aho mama
mahat duḥkham idam adya upagatam | naṣṭam hi mām iyam anviṣya
upāgamat duḥkha-artā iti | tām indraḥ uvāca katham vartayasi iti |
sā tam uvāca | nahuṣaḥ mām āhvayati | kālaḥ ca asya mayā kṛtaḥ iti

35. Seeing his emaciated and distressed wife, Indra became worried. "Oh, a great sorrow has befallen me today! For she, afflicted by sorrow, has come seeking me who was lost," he thought. Indra asked her, "How are you faring?" She replied to him, "Nahuṣa is calling me, and I have set a time limit for him."

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Indrāṇī) (that, her)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (king of gods))

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - his wife (Indrāṇī) (wife, mistress)

• कृशाम् (kṛśām) - emaciated (describing Indrāṇī) (emaciated, thin, lean)

• ग्लानाम् (glānām) - distressed (describing Indrāṇī) (weary, distressed, weak, sad)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, seeing)

• चिन्तयाम् (cintayām) - worrying, in thought (worrying, thinking)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (worried) (became, happened, existed)

• अहो (aho) - Oh! (Oh!, Alas!)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, suffering)

• इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• उपगतम् (upagatam) - has befallen (me) (approached, reached, befallen)

• नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost (referring to Indra who was hidden) (lost, destroyed, vanished)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, because)

• माम् (mām) - me (Indra) (me)

• इयम् (iyam) - she (referring to Indrāṇī) (this (feminine))

• अन्विष्य (anviṣya) - having sought (me) (having sought, having looked for)

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - she approached (me) (approached, came near)

• दुःख-अर्ता (duḥkha-artā) - afflicted by sorrow (describing Indrāṇī) (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of internal thought) (thus, so)

• ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Indrāṇī) (that, her)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (king of gods))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, she said)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• वर्तयसि (vartayasi) - you are faring (you live, you exist, you fare)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of direct speech) (thus, so)

• सा (sā) - she (Indrāṇī) (she, that (feminine))

• तम् (tam) - him (Indra) (him, that (masculine))

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said (she said, he said)

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa, the king (Nahuṣa (name of a king))

• माम् (mām) - me (Indrāṇī) (me)

• आह्वयति (āhvayati) - he is calling (me) (he calls, he invites)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time (limit) (time, period, season)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - for him (Nahuṣa) (of him, for him, its)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Indrāṇī) (by me)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - set (a time limit) (done, made, performed)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of direct speech) (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Indrāṇī) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (king of gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a deity), king, chief

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - his wife (Indrāṇī) (wife, mistress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, lady

कृशाम् (kṛśām) - emaciated (describing Indrāṇī) (emaciated, thin, lean)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛśā

kṛśa - emaciated, lean, thin, feeble, slender

ग्लानाम् (glānām) - distressed (describing Indrāṇī) (weary, distressed, weak, sad)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of glāna

glāna - weary, distressed, sad, weak, sick

Past Passive Participle

From root glā (to be weary, to fade)

Root: glā (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

चिन्तयाम् (cintayām) - worrying, in thought (worrying, thinking)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cintayā

cintā - thought, worry, anxiety

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Used as part of a periphrastic perfect (cintayām babhūva = thought, worried)

बभूव (babhūva) - became (worried) (became, happened, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect (Periphrastic Auxiliary)

Periphrastic perfect auxiliary with '-ām' noun form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अहो (aho) - Oh! (Oh!, Alas!)

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Stem is mahant

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, suffering)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, distress

इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

उपगतम् (upagatam) - has befallen (me) (approached, reached, befallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upagata

upagata - approached, arrived, reached, obtained, befallen

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost (referring to Indra who was hidden) (lost, destroyed, vanished)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, vanished, ruined

Past Passive Participle

From root naś (to perish, to be lost)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Refers to Indra, who was hiding.

हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me (Indra) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

इयम् (iyam) - she (referring to Indrāṇī) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

अन्विष्य (anviṣya) - having sought (me) (having sought, having looked for)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root iṣ (to seek) with upasarga anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: iṣ (class 4)

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - she approached (me) (approached, came near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of upāgam

Imperfect

From root gam (to go) with upasarga upa-ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

दुःख-अर्ता (duḥkha-artā) - afflicted by sorrow (describing Indrāṇī) (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkha-arta

duḥkha-arta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed, suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+arta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• arta – distressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move), meaning 'afflicted' in this context.
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of internal thought) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her (referring to Indrāṇī) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra (king of gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a deity), king, chief

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, she said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

वर्तयसि (vartayasi) - you are faring (you live, you exist, you fare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vṛt

Present (Causative)

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) with causative suffix -aya.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of direct speech) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - she (Indrāṇī) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

तम् (tam) - him (Indra) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

उवाच (uvāca) - she said (she said, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa, the king (Nahuṣa (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahuṣa (a mythical king who temporarily occupied Indra's throne)

माम् (mām) - me (Indrāṇī) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

आह्वयति (āhvayati) - he is calling (me) (he calls, he invites)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of āhvā

Present

From root hvā (to call) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time (limit) (time, period, season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, right moment

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - for him (Nahuṣa) (of him, for him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

मया (mayā) - by me (Indrāṇī) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - set (a time limit) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of direct speech) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)