महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-329, verse-21

विश्वरूपो मातृपक्षवर्धनोऽत्यर्थं तपस्यभवत् ।
तस्य व्रतभङ्गार्थमिन्द्रो बह्वीः श्रीमत्योऽप्सरसो नियुयोज ।
ताश्च दृष्ट्वा मनः क्षुभितं तस्याभवत्तासु चाप्सरःसु नचिरादेव सक्तोऽभवत् ।
सक्तं चैनं ज्ञात्वाप्सरस ऊचुर्गच्छामहे वयं यथागतमिति ॥२१॥

21. viśvarūpo mātṛpakṣavardhano'tyarthaṁ tapasyabhavat ,
tasya vratabhaṅgārthamindro bahvīḥ śrīmatyo'psaraso niyuyoja ,
tāśca dṛṣṭvā manaḥ kṣubhitaṁ tasyābhavattāsu cāpsaraḥsu nacirādeva sakto'bhavat ,
saktaṁ cainaṁ jñātvāpsarasa ūcurgacchāmahe vayaṁ yathāgatamiti.

21. viśvarūpaḥ mātṛpakṣavardhanaḥ atyartham tapasi abhavat | tasya vratabhaṅgārtham
indraḥ bahvīḥ śrīmatyaḥ apsarasaḥ niyuyjoja | tāḥ ca dṛṣṭvā
manaḥ kṣubhitam tasya abhavat tāsu ca apsaraḥsu nacirāt eva saktaḥ abhavat
| saktam ca enam jñātvā apsarasaḥ ūcuḥ gacchāmahe vayam yathāgatam iti

21. viśvarūpaḥ mātṛpakṣavardhanaḥ atyartham tapasi abhavat tasya vratabhaṅgārtham
indraḥ bahvīḥ śrīmatyaḥ apsarasaḥ niyuyjoja tāḥ ca dṛṣṭvā
tasya manaḥ kṣubhitam abhavat ca nacirāt eva tāsu apsaraḥsu saktaḥ abhavat
ca enam saktam jñātvā apsarasaḥ ūcuḥ vayam yathāgatam gacchāmahe iti

21. Viśvarūpa, strengthening his mother's side, engaged in intense austerities (tapas). To break his vow, Indra deployed many beautiful celestial nymphs (apsarās). Seeing them, his mind became agitated, and he very quickly became attached to those apsarās. Knowing him to be attached, the apsarās said, "We shall go back the way we came."

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वरूपः (viśvarūpaḥ) - Viśvarūpa

• मातृपक्षवर्धनः (mātṛpakṣavardhanaḥ) - strengthening his mother's side

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, intensely

• तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity, in penance

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• व्रतभङ्गार्थम् (vratabhaṅgārtham) - for the purpose of breaking the vow

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of the chief of gods)

• बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many

• श्रीमत्यः (śrīmatyaḥ) - beautiful, glorious, fortunate

• अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - celestial nymphs, apsarās

• नियुय्जोज (niyuyjoja) - employed, appointed, engaged

• ताः (tāḥ) - them (feminine plural)

• च (ca) - and

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• क्षुभितम् (kṣubhitam) - agitated, disturbed

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• तासु (tāsu) - in them

• च (ca) - and

• अप्सरःसु (apsaraḥsu) - in the celestial nymphs, in the apsarās

• नचिरात् (nacirāt) - not long after, very quickly

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• सक्तः (saktaḥ) - attached, devoted

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• सक्तम् (saktam) - attached

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

• अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - celestial nymphs, apsarās

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said, spoke

• गच्छामहे (gacchāmahe) - we shall go

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as we came, in the same way we arrived

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वरूपः (viśvarūpaḥ) - Viśvarūpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvarūpa

viśvarūpa - all-formed, universal, Viśvarūpa (name of a deity or person)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viśva+rūpa)

• viśva – all, whole, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

मातृपक्षवर्धनः (mātṛpakṣavardhanaḥ) - strengthening his mother's side

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātṛpakṣavardhana

mātṛpakṣavardhana - one who strengthens the mother's side

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātṛpakṣa+vardhana)

• mātṛpakṣa – mother's side
  noun (masculine)
• vardhana – increasing, strengthening, promoting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, intensely

(indeclinable)

तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity, in penance

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth; spiritual fervor, austerity, penance

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

व्रतभङ्गार्थम् (vratabhaṅgārtham) - for the purpose of breaking the vow

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrata+bhaṅga+artha)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
• bhaṅga – breaking, disruption, violation
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound ending in -artham functions as an indeclinable signifying purpose.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of the chief of gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (chief of the gods, god of rain and thunder)

बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Agrees with apsarasaḥ

श्रीमत्यः (śrīmatyaḥ) - beautiful, glorious, fortunate

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śrīmat

śrīmat - possessed of beauty/fortune/glory; beautiful, glorious

From śrī (beauty, prosperity) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with apsarasaḥ

अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - celestial nymphs, apsarās

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - celestial nymph, a mythological being of the clouds and waters

नियुय्जोज (niyuyjoja) - employed, appointed, engaged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of niyuj

ni- + yuj

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

ताः (tāḥ) - them (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the apsarās

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś (cl. 1) forms absolutive dṛṣṭvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

क्षुभितम् (kṣubhitam) - agitated, disturbed

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣubhita

kṣubhita - agitated, disturbed, shaken, excited

Past Passive Participle

Root kṣubh (to tremble, be agitated) + kta

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with manaḥ

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Viśvarūpa

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तासु (tāsu) - in them

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the apsarās

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अप्सरःसु (apsaraḥsu) - in the celestial nymphs, in the apsarās

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - celestial nymph, a mythological being of the clouds and waters

नचिरात् (nacirāt) - not long after, very quickly

(indeclinable)

na (neg) + cirāt (ablative of cira, meaning 'for a long time')

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (na+cirāt)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• cirāt – for a long time, after a long time
  indeclinable
  Ablative of cira (long time), used adverbially

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

सक्तः (saktaḥ) - attached, devoted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakta

sakta - attached, devoted, clinging, fixed on

Past Passive Participle

Root sañj (to cling, be attached) + kta

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Viśvarūpaḥ (implied subject)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सक्तम् (saktam) - attached

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakta

sakta - attached, devoted, clinging, fixed on

Past Passive Participle

Root sañj (to cling, be attached) + kta

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with enam (Viśvarūpa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it (anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Refers to Viśvarūpa

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root jñā (cl. 9) forms absolutive jñātvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - celestial nymphs, apsarās

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - celestial nymph, a mythological being of the clouds and waters

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गच्छामहे (gacchāmahe) - we shall go

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'let's go' or 'we will go'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as we came, in the same way we arrived

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayibhava (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, returned
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  ā- + gam + kta
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)