महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-9

कुशलं चाव्ययं चैव पृष्ट्वा वैयासकिं नृपः ।
किमागमनमित्येव पर्यपृच्छत पार्थिवः ॥९॥

9. kuśalaṁ cāvyayaṁ caiva pṛṣṭvā vaiyāsakiṁ nṛpaḥ ,
kimāgamanamityeva paryapṛcchata pārthivaḥ.

9. kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva pṛṣṭvā vaiyāsakim nṛpaḥ
kim āgamanam iti eva paryapṛcchata pārthivaḥ

9. nṛpaḥ pārthivaḥ vaiyāsakim kuśalam avyayam ca
eva pṛṣṭvā kim āgamanam iti eva paryapṛcchata

9. The king, having inquired about the welfare and imperishable well-being of Vyasa's son (Vaiyāsaki), then questioned him, 'What is the purpose of your arrival?'

Words meanings summery:

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (welfare, well-being, good fortune)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable well-being (immutable, imperishable, unchanging, welfare)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, just, only)

• पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having inquired (having asked, having questioned)

• वैयासकिम् (vaiyāsakim) - Vyasa's son (Śuka) (son of Vyasa, Shuka)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• आगमनम् (āgamanam) - the purpose of your arrival (coming, arrival, approach)

• इति (iti) - thus, (marking quote) (thus, so, marking direct speech)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, just, only)

• पर्यपृच्छत (paryapṛcchata) - questioned (asked, questioned, inquired)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (king, earthly ruler, son of earth)

Words meanings and morphology

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (welfare, well-being, good fortune)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - clever, skillful, well, happy, welfare

Note: Acts as a noun here.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable well-being (immutable, imperishable, unchanging, welfare)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, welfare, indeclinable word

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, decline, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from vi-i, to go away
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to an enduring state of well-being.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having inquired (having asked, having questioned)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive form from √prach (to ask)

Root: prach (class 6)

वैयासकिम् (vaiyāsakim) - Vyasa's son (Śuka) (son of Vyasa, Shuka)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiyāsaki

vaiyāsaki - son of Vyasa

Patronymic from Vyāsa

Note: Refers to Śuka.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

From nṛ (man) + √pā (to protect)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pā – to protect, to govern
  root
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to King Janamejaya or a similar royal inquirer in this context, not Janaka.

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

आगमनम् (āgamanam) - the purpose of your arrival (coming, arrival, approach)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgamana

āgamana - coming, arrival, approach

verbal noun

from ā-√gam (to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, (marking quote) (thus, so, marking direct speech)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

पर्यपृच्छत (paryapṛcchata) - questioned (asked, questioned, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryapṛcchata

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular Middle Voice of pari-pra-√prach (to ask)

Prefixes: pari+pra

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: The prefix 'pari' implies thoroughness or repeated asking.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (king, earthly ruler, son of earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, son of earth

derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Synonymous with nṛpaḥ, adds emphasis.