महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-28

राजसांस्तामसांश्चैव नित्यं दोषान्विवर्जयेत् ।
सात्त्विकं मार्गमास्थाय पश्येदात्मानमात्मना ॥२८॥

28. rājasāṁstāmasāṁścaiva nityaṁ doṣānvivarjayet ,
sāttvikaṁ mārgamāsthāya paśyedātmānamātmanā.

28. rājasān tāmasān ca eva nityam doṣān vivarjayet
sāttvikam mārgam āsthāya paśyet ātmānam ātmanā

28. (janaḥ) nityam rājasān tāmasān doṣān ca eva vivarjayet.
sāttvikam mārgam āsthāya (saḥ) ātmanā ātmānam paśyet.

28. One should always avoid the defects (doṣa) born of rajas (passion) and tamas (ignorance). By adopting the path of sattva (goodness), one should perceive the true self (ātman) through one's own purified self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• राजसान् (rājasān) - defects originating from the quality of rajas (passion, activity) (rajasic, pertaining to rajas, passionate)

• तामसान् (tāmasān) - defects originating from the quality of tamas (darkness, inertia, ignorance) (tamasic, pertaining to tamas, ignorant)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, evils, vices

• विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - one should avoid, one should shun

• सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - the path of goodness and purity (sattvic, pertaining to sattva, pure, virtuous)

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, way

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should perceive

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the true, supreme self (the self)

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - through one's own purified self (as an instrument of perception) (by the self, through the self, by oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

राजसान् (rājasān) - defects originating from the quality of rajas (passion, activity) (rajasic, pertaining to rajas, passionate)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - pertaining to rajas (the quality of passion, activity, motion)

Derivative of rajas (dust, passion).

Note: Modifies 'doṣān'.

तामसान् (tāmasān) - defects originating from the quality of tamas (darkness, inertia, ignorance) (tamasic, pertaining to tamas, ignorant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - pertaining to tamas (the quality of darkness, inertia, ignorance)

Derivative of tamas (darkness, ignorance).

Note: Modifies 'doṣān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins 'rājasān' and 'tāmasān'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, evils, vices

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, error, evil

From √duṣ 'to be bad, faulty'.

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vivarjayet'.

विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - one should avoid, one should shun

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vivarj

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - the path of goodness and purity (sattvic, pertaining to sattva, pure, virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāttvika

sāttvika - pertaining to sattva (the quality of goodness, purity, lucidity), virtuous, good

Derivative of sattva (goodness, reality).

Note: Modifies 'mārgam'.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course, track

From √mṛj 'to wipe, cleanse' (path that is trodden).

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from √sthā 'to stand' with prefix ā, with suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should perceive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of paś

The root √dṛś assumes the form paś in the present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the true, supreme self (the self)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego

Note: Object of 'paśyet'.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - through one's own purified self (as an instrument of perception) (by the self, through the self, by oneself)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego

Note: Instrumental, indicating the means by which the self is seen.