महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-20

शुक उवाच ।
उत्पन्ने ज्ञानविज्ञाने प्रत्यक्षे हृदि शाश्वते ।
किमवश्यं निवस्तव्यमाश्रमेषु वनेषु च ॥२०॥

20. śuka uvāca ,
utpanne jñānavijñāne pratyakṣe hṛdi śāśvate ,
kimavaśyaṁ nivastavyamāśrameṣu vaneṣu ca.

20. śukaḥ uvāca utpanne jñānavijñāne pratyakṣe hṛdi
śāśvate kim avaśyam nivastavyam āśrameṣu vaneṣu ca

20. śukaḥ uvāca hṛdi śāśvate pratyakṣe jñānavijñāne
utpanne kim avaśyam nivastavyam āśrameṣu vaneṣu ca

20. Śuka said: When profound knowledge (jñāna) and direct realization (vijñāna) of the eternal are clearly manifest in the heart, why is it still necessary to reside in the various stages of life (āśramas) and in forests?

Words meanings summery:

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - the sage Śuka, son of Vyāsa (Śuka (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - stated, as an opening to a question (said, spoke)

• उत्पन्ने (utpanne) - when spiritual knowledge and realization have clearly emerged (when arisen, when manifested)

• ज्ञानविज्ञाने (jñānavijñāne) - both theoretical spiritual knowledge (jñāna) and experiential, direct realization (vijñāna) (spiritual knowledge and direct realization)

• प्रत्यक्षे (pratyakṣe) - manifested clearly and directly to one's inner experience (directly perceived, evident)

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in one's inner consciousness or spiritual center (in the heart)

• शाश्वते (śāśvate) - of an eternal nature (referring to the knowledge and realization) (eternal, perpetual)

• किम् (kim) - why, indicating a rhetorical question (what, why)

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - is it absolutely mandatory, implying it might not be (necessarily, certainly)

• निवस्तव्यम् (nivastavyam) - is it necessary to continue living (in these stages) ((is it) to be resided, (should one) dwell)

• आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the prescribed stages of life (āśramas) (e.g., householder, forest-dweller) (in the stages of life, in hermitages)

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forest hermitages or places of asceticism (in the forests)

• च (ca) - and (connecting 'āśramas' and 'forests') (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

शुकः (śukaḥ) - the sage Śuka, son of Vyāsa (Śuka (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - Śuka (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - stated, as an opening to a question (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha, class 2, parasmāipada. Perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्पन्ने (utpanne) - when spiritual knowledge and realization have clearly emerged (when arisen, when manifested)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'jñānavijñāne'.

ज्ञानविज्ञाने (jñānavijñāne) - both theoretical spiritual knowledge (jñāna) and experiential, direct realization (vijñāna) (spiritual knowledge and direct realization)

(compound noun)

Compound type : Dvandva (jñāna+vijñāna)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vijñāna – special knowledge, direct realization, discrimination
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from vi-jñā (to know, perceive) + lyuṭ (suffix).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रत्यक्षे (pratyakṣe) - manifested clearly and directly to one's inner experience (directly perceived, evident)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, direct perception

From prati (before) + akṣa (eye); literally 'before the eyes'.

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable (prefix/preposition)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'jñānavijñāne'.

हृदि (hṛdi) - in one's inner consciousness or spiritual center (in the heart)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, soul

Note: Indicates the place of manifestation.

शाश्वते (śāśvate) - of an eternal nature (referring to the knowledge and realization) (eternal, perpetual)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant

Derived from śaśvat (always) + aṇ (suffix).

Note: Agrees with 'jñānavijñāne'.

किम् (kim) - why, indicating a rhetorical question (what, why)

(indeclinable)

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - is it absolutely mandatory, implying it might not be (necessarily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

निवस्तव्यम् (nivastavyam) - is it necessary to continue living (in these stages) ((is it) to be resided, (should one) dwell)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective in an impersonal construction.

आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the prescribed stages of life (āśramas) (e.g., householder, forest-dweller) (in the stages of life, in hermitages)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, religious order (āśrama)

Note: Indicates the location/context for dwelling.

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forest hermitages or places of asceticism (in the forests)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Indicates the location/context for dwelling.

च (ca) - and (connecting 'āśramas' and 'forests') (and, also)

(indeclinable)