महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-23

आचार्यः प्लाविता तस्य ज्ञानं प्लव इहोच्यते ।
विज्ञाय कृतकृत्यस्तु तीर्णस्तदुभयं त्यजेत् ॥२३॥

23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā tasya jñānaṁ plava ihocyate ,
vijñāya kṛtakṛtyastu tīrṇastadubhayaṁ tyajet.

23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā tasya jñānam plavaḥ iha ucyate |
vijñāya kṛtakṛtyaḥ tu tīrṇaḥ tat ubhayam tyajet

23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā.
tasya jñānam iha plavaḥ ucyate.
vijñāya,
kṛtakṛtyaḥ,
tīrṇaḥ tu tat ubhayam tyajet.

23. The spiritual preceptor (ācārya) is considered a boat, and knowledge (jñāna) is here referred to as a raft. Having understood and completed one's purpose, a person, having crossed over, should then abandon both.

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - spiritual preceptor (ācārya) (teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide)

• प्लाविता (plāvitā) - a boat (metaphor for spiritual guide) (boat, raft; one who causes to float)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (the preceptor's) (his, its)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge, wisdom)

• प्लवः (plavaḥ) - raft, boat

• इह (iha) - in this context (of discussion) (here, in this world, in this context)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having fully understood and realized (having known, having understood, having realized)

• कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - having completed one's purpose (having done what was to be done, having fulfilled one's purpose)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, crossed over

• तत् (tat) - that

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (the ācārya as boat and jñāna as raft) (both)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - spiritual preceptor (ācārya) (teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

From 'ā-car' (to practice, to conduct oneself) + suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

प्लाविता (plāvitā) - a boat (metaphor for spiritual guide) (boat, raft; one who causes to float)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of plāvitā

plāvitā - boat, raft; one who causes to float (feminine agent noun or noun)

From causative of root 'plu' (to float) + agent suffix (or direct noun form).

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'ācāryaḥ' by metaphor.

तस्य (tasya) - his (the preceptor's) (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ācārya.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom

From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix 'ana'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

प्लवः (plavaḥ) - raft, boat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of plava

plava - raft, boat, float

From root 'plu' (to float) + suffix 'a'.

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'jñānam'.

इह (iha) - in this context (of discussion) (here, in this world, in this context)

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Passive form of 'vac'.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having fully understood and realized (having known, having understood, having realized)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from prefix 'vi' + root 'jñā'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Action completed before the main verb 'tyajet'.

कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - having completed one's purpose (having done what was to be done, having fulfilled one's purpose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has done what was to be done, fulfilled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the implied agent of 'tyajet'.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, crossed over

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed over, passed over

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'tṝ' (to cross).

Root: tṝ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'ubhayam' that follows.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (the ācārya as boat and jñāna as raft) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Refers to the metaphorical boat and raft.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)