महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-16

वेदानधीत्य नियतो दक्षिणामपवर्ज्य च ।
अभ्यनुज्ञामथ प्राप्य समावर्तेत वै द्विजः ॥१६॥

16. vedānadhītya niyato dakṣiṇāmapavarjya ca ,
abhyanujñāmatha prāpya samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ.

16. vedān adhītya niyataḥ dakṣiṇām apavarjya ca
abhyanujñām atha prāpya samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ

16. dvijaḥ niyataḥ vedān adhītya ca dakṣiṇām
apavarjya atha abhyanujñām prāpya vai samāvarteta

16. Having studied the Vedas, and being self-controlled, and having offered the teacher's fee, then, having obtained permission (from the guru), the twice-born (dvija) should indeed return (from the guru's hermitage to his home to begin the householder's life).

Words meanings summery:

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined, restrained

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - teacher's fee, gift, reward

• अपवर्ज्य (apavarjya) - having offered, having paid, having finished

• च (ca) - and

• अभ्यनुज्ञाम् (abhyanujñām) - permission, assent

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having received

• समावर्तेत (samāvarteta) - he should return, he should complete his studentship (and return home)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - specifically referring to a Brahmin, the first of the three 'twice-born' classes who undergo the upanayana ceremony. (the twice-born (Brahmin))

Words meanings and morphology

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, divine knowledge

Derived from root vid + ghañ suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix adhi, and suffix lyap

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Absolutive form, meaning 'having done X'.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, fixed, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam (to control) with prefix ni, and suffix kta

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - teacher's fee, gift, reward

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - teacher's fee, sacrificial fee, gift, reward

अपवर्ज्य (apavarjya) - having offered, having paid, having finished

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root vṛj (to abandon, avoid) with prefix apa, and suffix lyap

Prefix: apa

Root: vṛj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभ्यनुज्ञाम् (abhyanujñām) - permission, assent

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of abhyanujñā

abhyanujñā - permission, assent, leave

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefixes abhi and anu

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having received

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra, and suffix lyap

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Absolutive form, meaning 'having done X'.

समावर्तेत (samāvarteta) - he should return, he should complete his studentship (and return home)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samāvṛt

Optative Mood

Optative 3rd person singular of root vṛt (to turn) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - specifically referring to a Brahmin, the first of the three 'twice-born' classes who undergo the upanayana ceremony. (the twice-born (Brahmin))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born) + ḍa suffix
  Root: jan (class 4)