महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-12

सोऽहं पितुर्नियोगात्त्वामुपप्रष्टुमिहागतः ।
तन्मे धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. so'haṁ piturniyogāttvāmupapraṣṭumihāgataḥ ,
tanme dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭha yathāvadvaktumarhasi.

12. saḥ aham pituḥ niyogāt tvām upapraṣṭum iha āgataḥ
tat me dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha yathāvat vaktum arhasi

12. saḥ aham pituḥ niyogāt tvām upapraṣṭum iha āgataḥ
tat dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha me yathāvat vaktum arhasi

12. Therefore, I have come here to question you, by the command of my father. So, O best among the upholders of natural law (dharma), you ought to explain it to me properly.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (being the case) (that, he)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पितुः (pituḥ) - from my father (of the father, from the father)

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by the command (by command, by injunction, by order)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Janaka) (you (accusative singular))

• उपप्रष्टुम् (upapraṣṭum) - to question (to question, to inquire, to consult)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come (arrived, come, approached)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the upholders of natural law (dharma) (of those upholding natural law/righteousness)

• श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - O best (best, most excellent)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, accurately (properly, exactly, according to truth)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to explain, to tell)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (being the case) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the previous statement, "that being the reason".

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

पितुः (pituḥ) - from my father (of the father, from the father)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Also genitive, but ablative fits "by command from father".

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by the command (by command, by injunction, by order)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, injunction, appointment, destiny

verbal noun

from ni-√yuj (to bind, enjoin)

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Janaka) (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Object of 'upapraṣṭum'.

उपप्रष्टुम् (upapraṣṭum) - to question (to question, to inquire, to consult)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive from upa-pra-√prach (to ask)

Prefixes: upa+pra

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Expresses purpose.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come (arrived, come, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

PPP of ā-√gam (to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with aham.

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

(indeclinable)

used adverbially

Note: Connects the previous statement with the request.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form.

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the upholders of natural law (dharma) (of those upholding natural law/righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, righteous person

Agent noun from dharma + √bhṛ (to bear, uphold)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from √dhṛ (to support, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun ending
  from √bhṛ (to bear, hold)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of a vocative phrase.

श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - O best (best, most excellent)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Used as a vocative noun here.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, accurately (properly, exactly, according to truth)

(indeclinable)

from yathā (as) + suffix vat

Note: Adverbial usage.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to explain, to tell)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses purpose.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Present 2nd person singular Active Voice of √arh (to be worthy, to deserve)

Root: arh (class 1)