महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-40

तमःपरिगतं वेश्म यथा दीपेन दृश्यते ।
तथा बुद्धिप्रदीपेन शक्य आत्मा निरीक्षितुम् ॥४०॥

40. tamaḥparigataṁ veśma yathā dīpena dṛśyate ,
tathā buddhipradīpena śakya ātmā nirīkṣitum.

40. tamaḥparigatam veśma yathā dīpena dṛśyate
tathā buddhipradīpena śakyaḥ ātmā nirīkṣitum

40. yathā tamaḥparigatam veśma dīpena dṛśyate,
tathā ātmā buddhipradīpena nirīkṣitum śakyaḥ

40. Just as a house enveloped in darkness (tamas) is illuminated and seen by a lamp, so too is the self (ātman) capable of being perceived by the lamp of intelligence (buddhi).

Words meanings summery:

• तमःपरिगतम् (tamaḥparigatam) - enveloped in darkness (tamas) (enveloped by darkness, surrounded by gloom)

• वेश्म (veśma) - house, dwelling, abode

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• दीपेन (dīpena) - by a lamp, with a lamp

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• बुद्धिप्रदीपेन (buddhipradīpena) - by the lamp of intelligence (buddhi) (by the lamp of intelligence, with the light of intellect)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, able, practicable

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, the individual soul)

• निरीक्षितुम् (nirīkṣitum) - to behold, to perceive, to observe, to look into

Words meanings and morphology

तमःपरिगतम् (tamaḥparigatam) - enveloped in darkness (tamas) (enveloped by darkness, surrounded by gloom)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamaḥparigata

tamaḥparigata - enveloped in darkness, surrounded by gloom

Compound of tamas (darkness) and parigata (enveloped)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+parigata)

• tamas – darkness, gloom, ignorance, primordial matter
  noun (neuter)
• parigata – enveloped, surrounded, reached, obtained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √gam (to go) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: gam (class 1)

वेश्म (veśma) - house, dwelling, abode

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of veśman

veśman - house, dwelling, abode, mansion

from √viś (to enter)

Root: viś (class 6)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

दीपेन (dīpena) - by a lamp, with a lamp

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, source of light

from √dīp (to shine, be bright)

Root: dīp (class 4)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present passive indicative of √dṛś (class 1/4)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिप्रदीपेन (buddhipradīpena) - by the lamp of intelligence (buddhi) (by the lamp of intelligence, with the light of intellect)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of buddhipradīpa

buddhipradīpa - lamp of intelligence, light of intellect

Compound of buddhi (intelligence) and pradīpa (lamp)

Compound type : tatpurusha (buddhi+pradīpa)

• buddhi – intelligence, intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  from √budh (to know, understand)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• pradīpa – lamp, light, lustre
  noun (masculine)
  from √dīp (to shine) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dīp (class 4)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, able, practicable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able, practicable, suitable, proper

Gerundive

from √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, the individual soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essential nature

निरीक्षितुम् (nirīkṣitum) - to behold, to perceive, to observe, to look into

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from √īkṣ (to see) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)