महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313, verse-31

अत्र गाथाः पुरा गीताः शृणु राज्ञा ययातिना ।
धार्यन्ते या द्विजैस्तात मोक्षशास्त्रविशारदैः ॥३१॥

31. atra gāthāḥ purā gītāḥ śṛṇu rājñā yayātinā ,
dhāryante yā dvijaistāta mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ.

31. atra gāthāḥ purā gītāḥ śṛṇu rājñā yayātinā |
dhāryante yā dvijaiḥ tāta mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ

31. tāta,
atra yāḥ gāthāḥ purā rājñā yayātinā gītāḥ,
mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ dvijaiḥ dhāryante,
[tāḥ tvaṁ] śṛṇu.

31. O dear child (tāta), listen to these verses (gāthā) which were sung long ago by King Yayāti and are upheld by brahmins (dvija) skilled in the scriptures of liberation (mokṣaśāstra).

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, regarding this

• गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs, stanzas

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago

• गीताः (gītāḥ) - sung, chanted

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• ययातिना (yayātinā) - by Yayāti

• धार्यन्ते (dhāryante) - are maintained, are remembered, are upheld

• या (yā) - which (feminine plural)

• द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by the brahmins (dvija) (by the twice-born, by brahmins)

• तात (tāta) - O dear child (used affectionately) (O dear child, father (vocative))

• मोक्षशास्त्रविशारदैः (mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ) - by those skilled in the scriptures of liberation

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, regarding this

(indeclinable)

गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs, stanzas

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza, legend

Root: gā (class 3)

Note: Also could be accusative plural. Context suggests nominative with `gītāḥ`.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago

(indeclinable)

गीताः (gītāḥ) - sung, chanted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted, a song

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gā` (to sing).

Root: gā (class 3)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Second person singular imperative form of root `śru`.

Root: śru (class 5)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

ययातिना (yayātinā) - by Yayāti

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king in Hindu mythology)

Note: Agrees with `rājñā`.

धार्यन्ते (dhāryante) - are maintained, are remembered, are upheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present passive form of root `dhṛ`. The 'ya' is the passive marker.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The passive `ya` suffix is added before the Middle voice ending.

या (yā) - which (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by the brahmins (dvija) (by the twice-born, by brahmins)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas), brahmin, bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun / derived adjective
  From root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

तात (tāta) - O dear child (used affectionately) (O dear child, father (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear child (affectionate address)

मोक्षशास्त्रविशारदैः (mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ) - by those skilled in the scriptures of liberation

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mokṣaśāstraviśārada

mokṣaśāstraviśārada - skilled in the scriptures of liberation

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa followed by karmadhāraya (mokṣa+śāstra+viśārada)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, freedom from saṃsāra
  noun (masculine)
  From root `muc` (to free, release).
  Root: muc (class 6)
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, science, sacred text
  noun (neuter)
  From root `śās` (to teach, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)
• viśārada – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `dvijaiḥ`.