महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-52

उपपत्त्या हि संपन्नो यतिभिश्चैव सेव्यते ।
सततं धर्मशीलैश्च नैपुण्येनोपलक्षितः ॥५२॥

52. upapattyā hi saṁpanno yatibhiścaiva sevyate ,
satataṁ dharmaśīlaiśca naipuṇyenopalakṣitaḥ.

52. upapattyā hi sampannaḥ yatibhiḥ ca eva sevyate
satataṃ dharmaśīlaiḥ ca naipuṇyena upalakṣitaḥ

52. hi upapattyā sampannaḥ yatibhiḥ ca eva dharmaśīlaiḥ
ca satataṃ sevyate naipuṇyena upalakṣitaḥ

52. Indeed, one who is endowed with sound reasoning, and is constantly revered by ascetics and by those of righteous (dharma) conduct, is distinguished by excellence.

Words meanings summery:

• उपपत्त्या (upapattyā) - by means of sound reasoning (by means of reason, by means of appropriateness, by means of proof)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• सम्पन्नः (sampannaḥ) - endowed (endowed, accomplished, complete, rich)

• यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics (by ascetics, by sages, by striving ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just)

• सेव्यते (sevyate) - is revered (is served, is attended, is practiced, is frequented, is honored)

• सततं (satataṁ) - constantly (constantly, always, continuously)

• धर्मशीलैः (dharmaśīlaiḥ) - by those of righteous (dharma) conduct (by those whose nature is virtue, by those of righteous conduct)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नैपुण्येन (naipuṇyena) - by excellence (by skill, by expertise, by excellence)

• उपलक्षितः (upalakṣitaḥ) - is distinguished (marked, distinguished, characterized)

Words meanings and morphology

उपपत्त्या (upapattyā) - by means of sound reasoning (by means of reason, by means of appropriateness, by means of proof)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of upapatti

upapatti - reason, propriety, fitness, proof, occurrence

Derived from root `pad` with prefixes `upa` and `pra`.

Prefixes: upa+pra

Root: pad (class 4)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

सम्पन्नः (sampannaḥ) - endowed (endowed, accomplished, complete, rich)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sampanna

sampanna - accomplished, endowed, complete, rich, prosperous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `pad` with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the implied subject.

यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics (by ascetics, by sages, by striving ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, sage, one who strives, one who controls himself

From root `yam` (to control, restrain).

Root: yam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सेव्यते (sevyate) - is revered (is served, is attended, is practiced, is frequented, is honored)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Passive

`sev` (1st class, Ātmanepada) + `ya` (passive sign) + `te` (3rd sg. present passive)

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: The agent is in the instrumental case (yatibhiḥ, dharmaśīlaiḥ).

सततं (satataṁ) - constantly (constantly, always, continuously)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `sa` + `tata` (stretched, extended).

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective `satata` acting adverbially.

धर्मशीलैः (dharmaśīlaiḥ) - by those of righteous (dharma) conduct (by those whose nature is virtue, by those of righteous conduct)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - of virtuous character, righteous, pious

Compound of `dharma` and `śīla`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, conduct, habit, virtue, custom
  noun (neuter)
  From root `śīl` (to practice, to serve).
  Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'sevyate'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नैपुण्येन (naipuṇyena) - by excellence (by skill, by expertise, by excellence)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of naipuṇya

naipuṇya - skill, expertise, cleverness, excellence, dexterity

Derived from `nipuṇa` (skilled, clever) with `ṣya` suffix to form an abstract noun.

उपलक्षितः (upalakṣitaḥ) - is distinguished (marked, distinguished, characterized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upalakṣita

upalakṣita - marked, distinguished, characterized, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `lakṣ` with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally, agreeing with the implied subject of 'sampannaḥ'.