महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः स तदा तेन तुलाधारेण धीमता ।
प्रोवाच वचनं धीमाञ्जाजलिर्जपतां वरः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ sa tadā tena tulādhāreṇa dhīmatā ,
provāca vacanaṁ dhīmāñjājalirjapatāṁ varaḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā tena tulādhāreṇa
dhīmatā pra-uvāca vacanam dhīmān jājaliḥ japatām varaḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti tena dhīmatā tulādhāreṇa uktaḥ saḥ
dhīmān japatām varaḥ jājaliḥ tadā vacanam pra-uvāca

1. Bhishma said: "Thus addressed by that intelligent Tulādhāra, the wise Jājali, best among those who recite prayers, then spoke these words."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

• सः (saḥ) - he

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तेन (tena) - by that

• तुलाधारेण (tulādhāreṇa) - by Tulādhāra

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent/wise one

• प्र-उवाच (pra-uvāca) - spoke forth, declared

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

• जाजलिः (jājaliḥ) - Jājali

• जपताम् (japatām) - of those who recite prayers, of reciters

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Third person singular of the Perfect tense in active voice (lit).

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Jājali).

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Jājali.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Tulādhāra.

तुलाधारेण (tulādhāreṇa) - by Tulādhāra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tulādhāra

tulādhāra - Tulādhāra (a proper name, usually of a merchant)

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent/wise one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, sagacious

From 'dhī' (intellect) + 'mat' (possessive suffix).

Note: Modifies 'tulādhāreṇa'.

प्र-उवाच (pra-uvāca) - spoke forth, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Third person singular of the Perfect tense in active voice (lit) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration

Derived from √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, sagacious

From 'dhī' (intellect) + 'mat' (possessive suffix).

Note: Modifies 'jājaliḥ'.

जाजलिः (jājaliḥ) - Jājali

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jājali

jājali - Jājali (a proper name, often of a sage)

जपताम् (japatām) - of those who recite prayers, of reciters

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of japat

japat - reciting, murmuring prayers

Present Active Participle

From √jap (to murmur, recite).

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Used here as a noun referring to 'those who recite prayers'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, principal; boon, blessing

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used as 'the best' in the compound 'japatāṃ varaḥ'.