महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-43

वाहसंपीडिता धुर्याः सीदन्त्यविधिनापरे ।
न मन्ये भ्रूणहत्यापि विशिष्टा तेन कर्मणा ॥४३॥

43. vāhasaṁpīḍitā dhuryāḥ sīdantyavidhināpare ,
na manye bhrūṇahatyāpi viśiṣṭā tena karmaṇā.

43. vāhasaṃpīḍitāḥ dhuryāḥ sīdanti avidhinā apare
na manye bhrūṇahatyā api viśiṣṭā tena karmaṇā

43. apare dhuryāḥ vāhasaṃpīḍitāḥ avidhinā sīdanti.
na manye api bhrūṇahatyā tena karmaṇā viśiṣṭā (asti).

43. Other beasts of burden, tormented by their loads, perish due to improper (or unjust) treatment. I do not believe that even the killing of an embryo (bhrūṇahatyā) is more reprehensible than that action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• वाहसंपीडिताः (vāhasaṁpīḍitāḥ) - tormented by vehicles/loads, afflicted by burdens

• धुर्याः (dhuryāḥ) - beasts of burden, those bearing the yoke, chief

• सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they perish, sink, become exhausted, suffer

• अविधिना (avidhinā) - unjustly, improperly, against the rules

• अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

• न (na) - not, no

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• भ्रूणहत्या (bhrūṇahatyā) - feticide, killing of an embryo

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• विशिष्टा (viśiṣṭā) - not more reprehensible/worse (due to negation) (distinguished, excellent, superior, more reprehensible)

• तेन (tena) - by that

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by the cruel action mentioned in this and the previous verse (by the action, by the deed (karma))

Words meanings and morphology

वाहसंपीडिताः (vāhasaṁpīḍitāḥ) - tormented by vehicles/loads, afflicted by burdens

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāhasaṃpīḍita

vāhasaṁpīḍita - oppressed by vehicles, afflicted by burdens

Past Passive Participle

Compound: 'vāha' (vehicle/burden) + 'saṃpīḍita' (oppressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāha+saṃpīḍita)

• vāha – vehicle, conveyance, beast of burden, carrying, flowing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vah' (to carry).
  Root: vah (class 1)
• saṃpīḍita – oppressed, crushed, tormented, afflicted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to torment) with prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

धुर्याः (dhuryāḥ) - beasts of burden, those bearing the yoke, chief

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhurya

dhurya - fit for the yoke, bearing the yoke, principal, chief, beast of burden

From 'dhur' (yoke).

Note: Refers to animals like oxen or horses used for transport.

सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they perish, sink, become exhausted, suffer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sad

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: sad (class 1)

अविधिना (avidhinā) - unjustly, improperly, against the rules

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'avidhi'. Compound 'a' (not) + 'vidhi' (rule/method).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidhi)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negation.
• vidhi – rule, method, ordinance, fate, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi-dhā' (to arrange, to prescribe).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, western

Masculine nominative plural, used as a substantive.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject is implied 'I'.

भ्रूणहत्या (bhrūṇahatyā) - feticide, killing of an embryo

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhrūṇahatyā

bhrūṇahatyā - feticide, abortion, killing of an embryo or a Brahmin

Tatpurusha compound: 'bhrūṇa' (embryo/fetus) + 'hatyā' (killing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrūṇa+hatyā)

• bhrūṇa – embryo, fetus, child, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• hatyā – killing, murder, slaughter
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'han' (to strike, to kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of the clause 'bhrūṇahatyā api viśiṣṭā'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'bhrūṇahatyā'.

विशिष्टा (viśiṣṭā) - not more reprehensible/worse (due to negation) (distinguished, excellent, superior, more reprehensible)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, specific, particular, special, prominent

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śiṣ' (to remain) with prefix 'vi-' (away, distinct).

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to 'bhrūṇahatyā'.

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Masculine/neuter instrumental singular.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by the cruel action mentioned in this and the previous verse (by the action, by the deed (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of actions (karma)

Instrumental singular of 'karman'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)