महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-4

एवमुक्तस्तुलाधारो ब्राह्मणेन यशस्विना ।
उवाच धर्मसूक्ष्माणि वैश्यो धर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् ।
जाजलिं कष्टतपसं ज्ञानतृप्तस्तदा नृप ॥४॥

4. evamuktastulādhāro brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā ,
uvāca dharmasūkṣmāṇi vaiśyo dharmārthatattvavit ,
jājaliṁ kaṣṭatapasaṁ jñānatṛptastadā nṛpa.

4. evam uktaḥ tulādhāraḥ brāhmaṇena
yaśasvinā uvāca dharmasūkṣmāṇi
vaiśyaḥ dharmārthatattvavit jājalim
kaṣṭatapasam jñānatṛptaḥ tadā nṛpa

4. nṛpa evam yaśasvinā brāhmaṇena
uktaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ dharmārthatattvavit
vaiśyaḥ tulādhāraḥ tadā kaṣṭatapasam
jājalim dharmasūkṣmāṇi uvāca

4. O King, when the glorious Brahmin (Jājali) had spoken thus to the scales-bearer, that vaiśya, who was satisfied with knowledge and understood the true nature of natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha), then spoke about the subtle aspects of natural law (dharma) to Jājali, who had performed difficult austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• तुलाधारः (tulādhāraḥ) - a merchant, a vendor who uses scales (scales-bearer, one who holds scales)

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the Brahmin

• यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• धर्मसूक्ष्माणि (dharmasūkṣmāṇi) - subtle points of natural law (dharma)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - the scales-bearer, who belongs to the vaiśya class (a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))

• धर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् (dharmārthatattvavit) - knower of the essence of dharma and artha, one who understands natural law and purpose

• जाजलिम् (jājalim) - to Jājali

• कष्टतपसम् (kaṣṭatapasam) - one who has performed difficult austerities (tapas)

• ज्ञानतृप्तः (jñānatṛptaḥ) - satisfied with knowledge

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

from root vac- 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

तुलाधारः (tulādhāraḥ) - a merchant, a vendor who uses scales (scales-bearer, one who holds scales)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulādhāra

tulādhāra - scales-bearer, weighing master, one who holds scales

Compound type : tatpurusha (tulā+dhāra)

• tulā – scales, balance
  noun (feminine)
• dhāra – holding, bearing
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ- 'to hold'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the Brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned

from yaśas (glory) + -vin (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇena.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The vaiśya (tulādhāraḥ) is the subject.

धर्मसूक्ष्माणि (dharmasūkṣmāṇi) - subtle points of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dharmasūkṣma

dharmasūkṣma - subtle points of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+sūkṣma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, fine, delicate
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of uvāca.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - the scales-bearer, who belongs to the vaiśya class (a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third Vedic social class (merchants, farmers)

Note: Subject of uvāca, in apposition to tulādhāraḥ.

धर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् (dharmārthatattvavit) - knower of the essence of dharma and artha, one who understands natural law and purpose

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthatattvavit

dharmārthatattvavit - knower of the essence of dharma (natural law) and artha (purpose/prosperity)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha+tattva+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, object
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, understanding, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root vid- 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.

जाजलिम् (jājalim) - to Jājali

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jājali

jājali - name of a Brahmin sage

Note: Object of uvāca (indirect).

कष्टतपसम् (kaṣṭatapasam) - one who has performed difficult austerities (tapas)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṣṭatapas

kaṣṭatapas - one who has performed difficult austerities (tapas)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kaṣṭa+tapas)

• kaṣṭa – difficult, painful, troublesome
  adjective (neuter)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  from root tap- 'to heat, to perform austerity'
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with jājalim.

ज्ञानतृप्तः (jñānatṛptaḥ) - satisfied with knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānatṛpta

jñānatṛpta - satisfied with knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāna+tṛpta)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• tṛpta – satisfied, contented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root tṛp- 'to satisfy'
  Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ/tulādhāraḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā- 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Address to the listener.

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