महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-45

अघ्न्या इति गवां नाम क एनान्हन्तुमर्हति ।
महच्चकाराकुशलं पृषध्रो गालभन्निव ॥४५॥

45. aghnyā iti gavāṁ nāma ka enānhantumarhati ,
mahaccakārākuśalaṁ pṛṣadhro gālabhanniva.

45. aghnyāḥ iti gavām nāma kaḥ enān hantum arhati
mahat ca cakāra akuśalam pṛṣadhraḥ gā labhan iva

45. gavām nāma aghnyāḥ iti (asti) kaḥ enān hantum arhati
ca pṛṣadhraḥ gā labhan iva mahat akuśalam cakāra

45. Cows are named 'aghnyā' (those who should not be killed). Who, then, is truly fit to kill them? Pṛṣadhra committed a great wrong, just as (he did) by harming cows.

Words meanings summery:

• अघ्न्याः (aghnyāḥ) - not to be killed (not to be killed, inviolable)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation or thought

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, belonging to cows)

• नाम (nāma) - name (name, by name, indeed, surely)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• एनान् (enān) - them (the cows) (them, these (masculine accusative plural))

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill (to kill, to strike)

• अर्हति (arhati) - is fit/worthy (is able, is worthy, deserves)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चकार (cakāra) - he committed (he did, he made)

• अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - wrong/evil (evil, wrong, misfortune, inauspicious)

• पृषध्रः (pṛṣadhraḥ) - Pṛṣadhra (proper name)

• गा (gā) - cows (cows (accusative plural))

• लभन् (labhan) - harming/killing (referring to Pṛṣadhra's action towards cows) (obtaining, gaining, striking, killing)

• इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

अघ्न्याः (aghnyāḥ) - not to be killed (not to be killed, inviolable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aghnyā

aghnyā - not to be killed, inviolable (feminine, refers to cows)

Gerundive

Formed from na (not) + root han (to kill) with ya suffix (irregular ghnā form for killing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ghnyā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• ghnyā – to be killed
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive
  Future Passive Participle from root han, with irregular 'ghnā' form for killing
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate noun for gavām.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation or thought

(indeclinable)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, belonging to cows)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light

नाम (nāma) - name (name, by name, indeed, surely)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

एनान् (enān) - them (the cows) (them, these (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of enad

enad - this, that, he, she, it (anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Direct object of hantum.

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill (to kill, to strike)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of han

Infinitive

Infinitive from root han

Root: han (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - is fit/worthy (is able, is worthy, deserves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense

Root: arh (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

From root mah (to be great)

Root: mah

Note: Modifies akuśalam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चकार (cakāra) - he committed (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect (liṭ)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - wrong/evil (evil, wrong, misfortune, inauspicious)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akuśala

akuśala - evil, wrong, misfortune, inauspicious, unskillful

Compound of a (not) + kuśala (skillful, good)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kuśala)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• kuśala – skillful, clever, good, well-being
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Direct object of cakāra.

पृषध्रः (pṛṣadhraḥ) - Pṛṣadhra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣadhra

pṛṣadhra - Pṛṣadhra (a king, son of Manu, who accidentally killed his guru's cow)

गा (gā) - cows (cows (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of the participle labhan.

लभन् (labhan) - harming/killing (referring to Pṛṣadhra's action towards cows) (obtaining, gaining, striking, killing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of labh

labh - to obtain, gain, get, seize, destroy

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root labh (1st class Ātmanepada, but here used in sense of harming, like killing, by context)

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Modifies pṛṣadhraḥ.

इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the simile. Sandhi with 'labhan' results in 'labhanniva'.