महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-51

समौ तावपि मे स्यातां न हि मे स्तः प्रियाप्रिये ।
एतदीदृशकं धर्मं प्रशंसन्ति मनीषिणः ॥५१॥

51. samau tāvapi me syātāṁ na hi me staḥ priyāpriye ,
etadīdṛśakaṁ dharmaṁ praśaṁsanti manīṣiṇaḥ.

51. samau tau api me syātām na hi me staḥ priyāpriye
etat īdṛśakam dharmam praśaṃsanti manīṣiṇaḥ

51. tau api me samau syātām,
hi me priyāpriye na staḥ manīṣiṇaḥ etat īdṛśakam dharmam praśaṃsanti

51. Both of them (the killer and the praiser) are equal to me; for indeed, I have no 'dear' or 'not dear' (priyāpriye) persons. Wise individuals (manīṣin) praise this kind of (natural) law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• समौ (samau) - both the killer and the praiser are considered equal (equal, same, alike (dual))

• तौ (tau) - referring to the one who kills and the one who praises (from previous verse) (those two)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• मे (me) - to me, my (dative/genitive of aham)

• स्याताम् (syātām) - they two should be, may they be

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• मे (me) - to me, my

• स्तः (staḥ) - they two are

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - dear and not dear, pleasant and unpleasant (dual)

• एतत् (etat) - this, such

• ईदृशकम् (īdṛśakam) - of this kind, such a kind of

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty (dharma)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they extol

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise persons, thinkers, intelligent ones

Words meanings and morphology

समौ (samau) - both the killer and the praiser are considered equal (equal, same, alike (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, same, alike, impartial

Note: Refers to `tau` (the two).

तौ (tau) - referring to the one who kills and the one who praises (from previous verse) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Nominative masculine dual of tad.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `tau`.

मे (me) - to me, my (dative/genitive of aham)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Dative/Genitive singular.

स्याताम् (syātām) - they two should be, may they be

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active

3rd person dual Optative Active Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `staḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Dative/Genitive singular.

स्तः (staḥ) - they two are

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

3rd person dual Present Active Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - dear and not dear, pleasant and unpleasant (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - dear and not dear, pleasant and unpleasant

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)
• apriya – not dear, unpleasant, disliked
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: a

Note: Used substantively here.

एतत् (etat) - this, such

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Agrees with `dharmam`.

ईदृशकम् (īdṛśakam) - of this kind, such a kind of

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśaka

īdṛśaka - of this kind, such-like

Note: Agrees with `dharmam`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `praśaṃsanti`.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they extol

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Active

3rd person plural Present Active Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise persons, thinkers, intelligent ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent; a wise person, thinker

Note: Functions as a noun here. Subject of `praśaṃsanti`.