महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-44

कृषिं साध्विति मन्यन्ते सा च वृत्तिः सुदारुणा ।
भूमिं भूमिशयांश्चैव हन्ति काष्ठमयोमुखम् ।
तथैवानडुहो युक्तान्समवेक्षस्व जाजले ॥४४॥

44. kṛṣiṁ sādhviti manyante sā ca vṛttiḥ sudāruṇā ,
bhūmiṁ bhūmiśayāṁścaiva hanti kāṣṭhamayomukham ,
tathaivānaḍuho yuktānsamavekṣasva jājale.

44. kṛṣim sādhū iti manyante sā ca vṛttiḥ
sudāruṇā bhūmim bhūmiśayān ca eva
hanti kāṣṭham ayomukham tathā eva
anaḍuhaḥ yuktān samavekṣasva jājalī

44. jājalī manyante kṛṣim sādhū iti ca sā vṛttiḥ
sudāruṇā (asti) sā (vṛttiḥ) hanti bhūmim
bhūmiśayān ca eva kāṣṭham ayomukham
(ca) tathā eva yuktān anaḍuhaḥ samavekṣasva

44. They consider agriculture to be a good (occupation), yet that profession is exceedingly cruel. It kills the earth and the creatures dwelling upon it, and also wears out the wooden and iron-faced implements. Similarly, O Jājali, observe the yoked oxen.

Words meanings summery:

• कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation)

• साधू (sādhū) - good (occupation) (good, virtuous, righteous, proper)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation or thought

• मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider (they think, they consider, they believe)

• सा (sā) - that (profession) (she, that (feminine))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - profession (profession, livelihood, existence, course of action)

• सुदारुणा (sudāruṇā) - exceedingly cruel (very cruel, exceedingly harsh, extremely dreadful)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the earth (earth, ground, land)

• भूमिशयान् (bhūmiśayān) - creatures dwelling on the earth (those lying on the ground, earth-dwellers, creatures living on earth)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - also (emphasizing ca) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, destroys (kills, strikes, injures, destroys)

• काष्ठम् (kāṣṭham) - wooden (implements/parts) (wood, piece of wood, timber, a branch)

• अयोमुखम् (ayomukham) - iron-faced (implements/parts) (iron-mouthed, iron-faced, an arrow, tip of a weapon)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• अनडुहः (anaḍuhaḥ) - the oxen (of the bull/ox, the oxen)

• युक्तान् (yuktān) - yoked (oxen) (yoked, joined, connected, engaged)

• समवेक्षस्व (samavekṣasva) - observe (observe, examine, consider carefully)

• जाजली (jājalī) - O Jājali (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi

kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming

derived from root kṛṣ (to plough)

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

साधू (sādhū) - good (occupation) (good, virtuous, righteous, proper)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, proper, effective, a good person, saint

Root: sādh

Note: Functions as a predicative adjective for kṛṣim. Sandhi sādhviti indicates sādhu (u-stem) + iti.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation or thought

(indeclinable)

मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider (they think, they consider, they believe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present tense

Root: man (class 4)

सा (sā) - that (profession) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to vṛttiḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - profession (profession, livelihood, existence, course of action)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - profession, livelihood, existence, course of action, style

derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सुदारुणा (sudāruṇā) - exceedingly cruel (very cruel, exceedingly harsh, extremely dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very cruel, exceedingly harsh, extremely dreadful

compound of su (very) + dāruṇa (cruel)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – harsh, severe, cruel, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies vṛttiḥ.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the earth (earth, ground, land)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil, place, stage

Note: Direct object of hanti.

भूमिशयान् (bhūmiśayān) - creatures dwelling on the earth (those lying on the ground, earth-dwellers, creatures living on earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhūmiśaya

bhūmiśaya - lying on the ground, earth-dwelling, snake

compound of bhūmi (earth) + śaya (lying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+śaya)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• śaya – lying, sleeping, dwelling
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root śī (to lie down, sleep)
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Direct object of hanti.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also (emphasizing ca) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifier.

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, destroys (kills, strikes, injures, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present tense

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agent is vṛttiḥ.

काष्ठम् (kāṣṭham) - wooden (implements/parts) (wood, piece of wood, timber, a branch)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāṣṭha

kāṣṭha - wood, piece of wood, timber, branch, a species of tree

Note: Direct object of hanti. Here referring to the wooden parts of agricultural tools, which are worn out or destroyed.

अयोमुखम् (ayomukham) - iron-faced (implements/parts) (iron-mouthed, iron-faced, an arrow, tip of a weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayomukha

ayomukha - iron-mouthed, iron-faced, an arrow, tip of a weapon, an implement with an iron point

compound of ayas (iron) + mukha (mouth/face)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ayas+mukha)

• ayas – iron, metal
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – mouth, face, front, main part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of hanti. Refers to the iron parts of agricultural tools, e.g., ploughshares, which are worn out or destroyed.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifier.

अनडुहः (anaḍuhaḥ) - the oxen (of the bull/ox, the oxen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anaḍuh

anaḍuh - bull, ox

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Direct object of samavekṣasva.

युक्तान् (yuktān) - yoked (oxen) (yoked, joined, connected, engaged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, connected, engaged, proper, attentive, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to yoke, join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies anaḍuhaḥ.

समवेक्षस्व (samavekṣasva) - observe (observe, examine, consider carefully)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of samavekṣ

Imperative

Formed with prefixes sam and ava from root īkṣ (to see, look)

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

जाजली (jājalī) - O Jājali (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of jājalī

jājalī - Jājali (name of a sage)