महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254, verse-34

स एव सुभगो भूत्वा पुनर्भवति दुर्भगः ।
व्यापत्तिं कर्मणां दृष्ट्वा जुगुप्सन्ति जनाः सदा ॥३४॥

34. sa eva subhago bhūtvā punarbhavati durbhagaḥ ,
vyāpattiṁ karmaṇāṁ dṛṣṭvā jugupsanti janāḥ sadā.

34. saḥ eva subhagaḥ bhūtvā punar bhavati durbhagaḥ
vyāpattim karmaṇām dṛṣṭvā jugupsanti janāḥ sadā

34. saḥ eva subhagaḥ bhūtvā punar durbhagaḥ bhavati
janāḥ karmaṇām vyāpattim dṛṣṭvā sadā jugupsanti

34. That very person, having become fortunate, again becomes unfortunate. People, observing the failure of actions (karma), always feel aversion.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, very

• सुभगः (subhagaḥ) - fortunate, blessed, lovely

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back

• भवति (bhavati) - he/she/it becomes, is

• दुर्भगः (durbhagaḥ) - unfortunate, miserable, ill-fated

• व्यापत्तिम् (vyāpattim) - failure, misfortune, ruin, calamity

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, deeds (karma)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

• जुगुप्सन्ति (jugupsanti) - they feel aversion/disgust, they despise

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'saḥ'.

सुभगः (subhagaḥ) - fortunate, blessed, lovely

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subhaga

subhaga - fortunate, beloved, handsome, lovely

Compound 'su' (good) + 'bhaga' (fortune)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (su+bhaga)

• su – good, well, easily
  prefix
• bhaga – fortune, prosperity, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative with 'bhūtvā' and 'bhavati'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root bhū with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'bhavati'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, back

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - he/she/it becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुर्भगः (durbhagaḥ) - unfortunate, miserable, ill-fated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbhaga

durbhaga - unfortunate, ill-fated, miserable

Compound 'dur' (bad) + 'bhaga' (fortune)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dur+bhaga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
• bhaga – fortune, prosperity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative with 'bhavati'.

व्यापत्तिम् (vyāpattim) - failure, misfortune, ruin, calamity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyāpatti

vyāpatti - failure, misfortune, ruin, calamity, death

Derived from root pad with prefix vi-ā (vi + ā-pad)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, deeds (karma)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Possessive modifying 'vyāpattim'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'jugupsanti'.

जुगुप्सन्ति (jugupsanti) - they feel aversion/disgust, they despise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gup

Desiderative/intensive form

Root gup in desiderative/intensive, meaning to feel aversion, despise

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: The desiderative stem 'jugupsa' is formed from 'gup'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'jugupsanti'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'jugupsanti'.