योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-64, verse-36

किमिदं कथमायातं किंमूलमिति किंक्षयम् ।
देहदुःखमिति प्राज्ञैः प्रेक्षणीयं प्रयत्नतः ॥ ३६ ॥

kimidaṃ kathamāyātaṃ kiṃmūlamiti kiṃkṣayam ,
dehaduḥkhamiti prājñaiḥ prekṣaṇīyaṃ prayatnataḥ 36

36. kim idam katham āyātam kim mūlam iti kim kṣayam
deha-duḥkham iti prājñaiḥ prekṣaṇīyam prayatnataḥ

36. deha-duḥkham (idam) kim katham āyātam kim mūlam
kim kṣayam iti prājñaiḥ prayatnataḥ prekṣaṇīyam

36. The suffering of the body—'What is this? How did it arise? What is its root? What is its end?'—these questions should be carefully examined by the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आयातम् (āyātam) - arisen, come, appeared

• किम् (kim) - what

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, cause

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation

• किम् (kim) - what

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - end, destruction, decay

• देह-दुःखम् (deha-duḥkham) - suffering of the body, physical pain

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation

• प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise ones, by the intelligent

• प्रेक्षणीयम् (prekṣaṇīyam) - should be examined, should be observed

• प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आयातम् (āyātam) - arisen, come, appeared

(verbal derivative)

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, cause

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, cause, source

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - end, destruction, decay

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decay, destruction, end, loss, decline

Root: kṣi (class 1)

देह-दुःखम् (deha-duḥkham) - suffering of the body, physical pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deha-duḥkha

deha-duḥkha - bodily suffering, physical pain/misery

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (deha+duḥkha)

• deha – body, corporeal form
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 4)
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise ones, by the intelligent

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, learned, knowing

From 'prajñā' (wisdom, knowledge) with '-a' suffix, or from 'jñā' with 'pra' prefix and 'a' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रेक्षणीयम् (prekṣaṇīyam) - should be examined, should be observed

(verbal derivative)

प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'prayatna' (effort) with the adverbial suffix '-tas'.

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