योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-64, verse-12

अविद्यासंपरिज्ञातमिदमेव महौषधम् ।
अविद्याविततव्याधेस्तिमिरस्येव दीपकम् ॥ १२ ॥

avidyāsaṃparijñātamidameva mahauṣadham ,
avidyāvitatavyādhestimirasyeva dīpakam 12

12. avidyā-samparijñātam idam eva mahā-auṣadham
avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ timirasya iva dīpakam

12. idam eva avidyā-samparijñātam avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ mahā-auṣadham asti,
timirasya iva dīpakam.

12. This very complete understanding of ignorance (avidyā) is a great medicine for the pervasive illness of ignorance (avidyā), just as a lamp is for darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• अविद्या-सम्परिज्ञातम् (avidyā-samparijñātam) - the complete understanding of ignorance (avidyā)

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, very, exactly

• महा-औषधम् (mahā-auṣadham) - a great medicine, sovereign remedy

• अविद्या-वितत-व्याधेः (avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ) - for the widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā)

• तिमिरस्य (timirasya) - for darkness, of darkness

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दीपकम् (dīpakam) - a lamp, an illuminator, that which illuminates

Words meanings and morphology

अविद्या-सम्परिज्ञातम् (avidyā-samparijñātam) - the complete understanding of ignorance (avidyā)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avidyā-samparijñāta

avidyā-samparijñāta - thoroughly known ignorance, understanding of ignorance

Karmadhāraya or Tatpurusha compound, where samparijñāta acts as a noun here. Used as a substantive meaning 'the understanding'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (avidyā+samparijñāta)

• avidyā – ignorance, spiritual nescience (avidyā)
  noun (feminine)
  Negation 'a' + 'vidyā' (knowledge)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• samparijñāta – completely known, fully comprehended
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jñā with upasargas sam and pari
  Prefixes: sam+pari
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is').

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the concept just mentioned.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, very, exactly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

महा-औषधम् (mahā-auṣadham) - a great medicine, sovereign remedy

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahā-auṣadha

mahā-auṣadha - great medicine

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + auṣadha (medicine)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+auṣadha)

• mahā – great, large, important
  adjective (feminine)
  From mahat
• auṣadha – medicine, herb, drug
  noun (neuter)
  From oṣadhi (herb)

Note: Predicate nominative.

अविद्या-वितत-व्याधेः (avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ) - for the widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of avidyā-vitata-vyādhi

avidyā-vitata-vyādhi - the widespread disease of ignorance (avidyā)

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (avidyā+vitata+vyādhi)

• avidyā – ignorance, spiritual nescience (avidyā)
  noun (feminine)
  Negation 'a' + 'vidyā' (knowledge)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vitata – widespread, extended, pervasive
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tan with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tan (class 8)
• vyādhi – disease, sickness, affliction
  noun (masculine)
  From root vyadh
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Indicates 'for the sake of' or 'of' the disease.

तिमिरस्य (timirasya) - for darkness, of darkness

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of timira

timira - darkness, gloom, eye disease (cataract)

Root: tim (class 4)

Note: Analogous to `avidyā-vitata-vyādheḥ`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दीपकम् (dīpakam) - a lamp, an illuminator, that which illuminates

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dīpaka

dīpaka - lamp, illuminator, kindler

From root dīp with suffix ka

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative in the analogy.

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