योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-12

छायायामुपविष्टस्य कुतस्तापानुभूतयः ।
यस्य संवेदनेऽन्योऽर्थः केनचिन्नानुभूयते ॥ १२ ॥

chāyāyāmupaviṣṭasya kutastāpānubhūtayaḥ ,
yasya saṃvedane'nyo'rthaḥ kenacinnānubhūyate 12

12. chāyāyām upaviṣṭasya kutaḥ tāpa anubhūtayaḥ yasya
saṃvedane anyaḥ arthaḥ kenacit na anubhūyate

12. chāyāyām upaviṣṭasya tāpa anubhūtayaḥ kutaḥ? yasya saṃvedane anyaḥ arthaḥ kenacit na anubhūyate.

12. How can one who is seated in the shade experience heat? For the one in whose pure perception (saṃvedana), no separate object (artha) is experienced at all.

Words meanings summery:

• छायायाम् (chāyāyām) - in the shade, in the shadow

• उपविष्टस्य (upaviṣṭasya) - for one seated, of one seated

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

• ताप (tāpa) - heat, suffering, pain, distress

• अनुभूतयः (anubhūtayaḥ) - experiences, perceptions, feelings

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

• संवेदने (saṁvedane) - in whose pure perception (saṃvedana) (in the perception, in the consciousness, in the knowledge)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another, different

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - separate object or phenomenon (artha) (object, purpose, meaning, wealth)

• केनचित् (kenacit) - by someone, by something, by any means, at all

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - is experienced, is felt, is perceived

Words meanings and morphology

छायायाम् (chāyāyām) - in the shade, in the shadow

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of chāyā

chāyā - shade, shadow, reflection, image

Note: Location for `upaviṣṭasya`.

उपविष्टस्य (upaviṣṭasya) - for one seated, of one seated

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

From root `viś` (class 6) with prefix `upa` and `kta` suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Genitive of agent or possession.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Implies impossibility or question.

ताप (tāpa) - heat, suffering, pain, distress

(noun)

masculine, singular of tāpa

tāpa - heat, warmth, suffering, pain, affliction

action noun

From root `tap` (class 1).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `anubhūtayaḥ`.

अनुभूतयः (anubhūtayaḥ) - experiences, perceptions, feelings

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anubhūti

anubhūti - experience, perception, feeling

action noun

From root `bhū` (class 1) with prefix `anu` and `kti` suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Compound `tāpānubhūtayaḥ` means 'experiences of heat'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Qualifies implied subject of `saṃvedane`.

संवेदने (saṁvedane) - in whose pure perception (saṃvedana) (in the perception, in the consciousness, in the knowledge)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃvedana

saṁvedana - perception, consciousness, knowledge, feeling

action noun

From root `vid` (class 2) with prefix `sam` and `lyuṭ` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates the domain of non-experience.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another, different

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - separate object or phenomenon (artha) (object, purpose, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, thing, matter

Root: ṛ

केनचित् (kenacit) - by someone, by something, by any means, at all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kiṃcid

kiṁcid - something, someone, anything, anyone

Note: Agent of the passive `anubhūyate` combined with `na`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following statement.

अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - is experienced, is felt, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of anubhū

Present Tense, Passive Voice

From root `bhū` (class 1) with prefix `anu`, passive voice.

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Concludes the verse.