योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-10

येनानुभूतं पूर्वार्धं गच्छामीति स तत्क्रियः ।
कथं भवति पश्चार्धं गमनोन्मुखचेतनः ॥ १० ॥

yenānubhūtaṃ pūrvārdhaṃ gacchāmīti sa tatkriyaḥ ,
kathaṃ bhavati paścārdhaṃ gamanonmukhacetanaḥ 10

10. yena anubhūtam pūrvārdham gacchāmi iti sa tatkriyaḥ
katham bhavati paścārdham gamanonmukhacetanaḥ

10. yena pūrvārdham anubhūtam,
sa gacchāmi iti tatkriyaḥ (san),
paścārdham gamanonmukhacetanaḥ katham bhavati?

10. If someone has experienced the initial phase (pūrvārdha) of an action, and thinking 'I am going' (gacchāmi), they become engaged in that very activity (tatkriya), how can their consciousness remain singularly focused on the act of going (gamanonmukhacetana) during the subsequent phase (paścārdha)?

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• अनुभूतम् (anubhūtam) - the initial phase that has been experienced (experienced, felt, perceived)

• पूर्वार्धम् (pūrvārdham) - first half, initial part

• गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - I am going (gacchāmi) (I go, I am going)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

• स (sa) - he, that

• तत्क्रियः (tatkriyaḥ) - engaged in that very activity (tatkriya) (whose action is that, doing that, engaged in that action)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what way?

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

• पश्चार्धम् (paścārdham) - subsequent phase (paścārdha) (latter half, subsequent part)

• गमनोन्मुखचेतनः (gamanonmukhacetanaḥ) - whose consciousness is singularly focused on the act of going (gamanonmukhacetana) (whose consciousness is directed towards going, with a mind facing the act of going)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Agent of `anubhūtam`.

अनुभूतम् (anubhūtam) - the initial phase that has been experienced (experienced, felt, perceived)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of anubhūta

anubhūta - experienced, felt, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhū` (class 1) with prefix `anu` and `kta` suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

पूर्वार्धम् (pūrvārdham) - first half, initial part

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvārdha

pūrvārdha - first half, initial part/phase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ardha)

• pūrva – first, prior, eastern
  adjective (neuter)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of the implied experience.

गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - I am going (gacchāmi) (I go, I am going)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Tense

From root `gam` (class 1).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of direct speech/thought.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a thought or statement.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `tatkriyaḥ`.

तत्क्रियः (tatkriyaḥ) - engaged in that very activity (tatkriya) (whose action is that, doing that, engaged in that action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tatkriya

tatkriya - having that action, performing that action

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+kriyā)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun
• kriyā – action, activity, rite
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  From root `kṛ` (class 8) + `ya` suffix (feminine).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative for `sa`.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what way?

(indeclinable)

Note: Asks 'how' regarding the state of `paścārdham`.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

From root `bhū` (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The main verb.

पश्चार्धम् (paścārdham) - subsequent phase (paścārdha) (latter half, subsequent part)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paścārdha

paścārdha - latter half, subsequent part/phase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśca+ardha)

• paśca – after, subsequent, western
  adjective (neuter)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the question.

गमनोन्मुखचेतनः (gamanonmukhacetanaḥ) - whose consciousness is singularly focused on the act of going (gamanonmukhacetana) (whose consciousness is directed towards going, with a mind facing the act of going)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gamanonmukhacetana

gamanonmukhacetana - having consciousness directed towards going

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gamana+unmukha+cetana)

• gamana – going, motion, walk
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root `gam` (class 1) + `lyuṭ` suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• unmukha – facing, turned towards, eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
• cetana – consciousness, animate, intelligent
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root `cit` (class 10) + `ana` suffix.
  Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Predicative for `paścārdham` (understood as referring to the experiencer during the second half).