योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-113, verse-53

आदीर्घं क्षणतामेति कालस्येष्टा यथा निशा ।
क्षणो वर्षमिवाभाति कान्ताविरहिणामिव ॥ ५३ ॥

ādīrghaṃ kṣaṇatāmeti kālasyeṣṭā yathā niśā ,
kṣaṇo varṣamivābhāti kāntāvirahiṇāmiva 53

53. ādīrgham kṣaṇatām eti kālasya iṣṭā yathā niśā
kṣaṇaḥ varṣam iva ābhāti kāntāvirahiṇām iva

53. yathā kālasya iṣṭā niśā (kṣaṇatām eti),
(tathā) ādīrgham kṣaṇatām eti.
(yathā) kāntāvirahiṇām iva kṣaṇaḥ varṣam iva ābhāti.

53. A long period becomes a moment, just as a desired night [passes quickly]. Conversely, a moment appears like a year, just as for those separated from their beloved.

Words meanings summery:

• आदीर्घम् (ādīrgham) - a long period, something very long

• क्षणताम् (kṣaṇatām) - to the state of a moment, momentary nature

• एति (eti) - goes, becomes, attains

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, for time

• इष्टा (iṣṭā) - desired, wished for

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• निशा (niśā) - night

• क्षणः (kṣaṇaḥ) - a moment, instant

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - a year

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आभाति (ābhāti) - appears, shines, seems

• कान्ताविरहिणाम् (kāntāvirahiṇām) - of those separated from their beloved

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

आदीर्घम् (ādīrgham) - a long period, something very long

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ādīrgha

ādīrgha - very long, extended, prolonged

Compound of ā (intensive) + dīrgha (long).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ā+dīrgha)

• ā – to, until, even, a little, intensive prefix
  indeclinable
• dīrgha – long, lengthy, tall
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Object of eti.

क्षणताम् (kṣaṇatām) - to the state of a moment, momentary nature

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣaṇatā

kṣaṇatā - state of being a moment, fleetingness, instantaneity

Derived from kṣaṇa + tā (abstract suffix).

Note: Object of eti, indicating state achieved.

एति (eti) - goes, becomes, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

present active

From root i, 2nd class.

Root: i (class 2)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, for time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Can be interpreted as dative of purpose or reference: "for time".

इष्टा (iṣṭā) - desired, wished for

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, beloved, sacrificed, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From root yaj (to sacrifice, worship) or iṣ (to desire). Here, "desired".

Root: iṣ (class 6)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

निशा (niśā) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night, darkness

Note: Subject of implied "passes quickly".

क्षणः (kṣaṇaḥ) - a moment, instant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, leisure, festival

Root: kṣaṇ

Note: Subject of ābhāti.

वर्षम् (varṣam) - a year

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, country

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आभाति (ābhāti) - appears, shines, seems

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-bhā

present active

From root bhā (to shine) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: bhā (class 2)

कान्ताविरहिणाम् (kāntāvirahiṇām) - of those separated from their beloved

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāntāvirahin

kāntāvirahin - one separated from his beloved wife/mistress

Compound of kāntā (beloved woman) + virahin (separated from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāntā+virahin)

• kāntā – beloved woman, wife, desired woman
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kam + kta (ppp) + feminine suffix.
  Root: kam (class 1)
• virahin – separated, suffering separation, absent
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From vi-rah (to be without) + -in suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Genitive of reference or comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)