योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-113, verse-2

अविद्या विद्यमानेव नष्टप्रज्ञेषु विद्यते ।
नाम्नैवाङ्गीकृताभावात्सम्यक्प्रज्ञेषु सा कुतः ॥ २ ॥

avidyā vidyamāneva naṣṭaprajñeṣu vidyate ,
nāmnaivāṅgīkṛtābhāvātsamyakprajñeṣu sā kutaḥ 2

2. avidyā vidyamānā iva naṣṭaprajñeṣu vidyate
nāmnā eva aṅgīkṛtābhāvāt samyakprajñeṣu sā kutaḥ

2. avidyā naṣṭaprajñeṣu vidyamānā iva vidyate.
samyakprajñeṣu sā nāmnā eva aṅgīkṛtābhāvāt kutaḥ [vidyate]?

2. Ignorance appears to exist among those whose discernment is lost. However, among those with true understanding, how can that (ignorance) exist, since its very non-existence is acknowledged, and it is merely a name?

Words meanings summery:

• अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

• विद्यमाना (vidyamānā) - existing, being present, apparent

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

• नष्टप्रज्ञेषु (naṣṭaprajñeṣu) - among those whose discernment/wisdom is lost

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present, is found

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, nominally

• एव (eva) - only, merely, indeed, just

• अङ्गीकृताभावात् (aṅgīkṛtābhāvāt) - due to the accepted non-existence, owing to the acknowledged unreality

• सम्यक्प्रज्ञेषु (samyakprajñeṣu) - among those with perfect/right discernment/wisdom

• सा (sā) - that (ignorance, avidyā) (she, that (feminine))

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can it exist? (from where, why, how)

Words meanings and morphology

अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance, illusion

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'vidyā' (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non, absence of
  indeclinable
  Prefix for negation
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vid'
  Root: vid (class 2)

विद्यमाना (vidyamānā) - existing, being present, apparent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyamāna

vidyamāna - existing, being, present, actual

Present Active Participle

From root 'vid' (to be) + śānac suffix

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Modifies avidyā.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

नष्टप्रज्ञेषु (naṣṭaprajñeṣu) - among those whose discernment/wisdom is lost

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of naṣṭaprajña

naṣṭaprajña - whose wisdom is lost, deluded, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+prajñā)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, ruined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'naś' (to perish) + kta suffix
  Root: naś (class 4)
• prajñā – wisdom, discernment, understanding, knowledge
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-jñā (to know)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to persons.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root vid (class 4, 'to be')

Root: vid (class 4)

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, nominally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

एव (eva) - only, merely, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

अङ्गीकृताभावात् (aṅgīkṛtābhāvāt) - due to the accepted non-existence, owing to the acknowledged unreality

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aṅgīkṛtābhāva

aṅgīkṛtābhāva - accepted non-existence, acknowledged unreality

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṅgīkṛta+abhāva)

• aṅgīkṛta – accepted, agreed, admitted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'aṅgīkṛ' (to accept, agree) + kta suffix
  Prefix: aṅgī
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• abhāva – non-existence, absence, unreality
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a' (negation) + 'bhāva' (existence, state)
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)

सम्यक्प्रज्ञेषु (samyakprajñeṣu) - among those with perfect/right discernment/wisdom

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of samyakprajña

samyakprajña - having perfect wisdom, truly wise

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samyak+prajñā)

• samyak – rightly, properly, perfectly, completely
  indeclinable
  From sam-añc, adverbial form.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añc (class 1)
• prajñā – wisdom, discernment, understanding, knowledge
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-jñā (to know)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to persons.

सा (sā) - that (ignorance, avidyā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'avidyā'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can it exist? (from where, why, how)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of 'kim' (what/who)