वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-36, verse-42

असौ पुरा व्याकरणं ग्रहीष्यन् सूर्योन्मुखः पृष्ठगमः कपीन्द्रः ।
उद्यद्गिरेरस्तगिरिं जगाम ग्रन्थं महद्धारयदप्रमेयः ॥४२॥

42. asau purā vyākaraṇaṃ grahīṣyan sūryonmukhaḥ pṛṣṭhagamaḥ kapīndraḥ ,
udyadgirerastagiriṃ jagāma granthaṃ mahaddhārayadaprameyaḥ.

42. asau purā vyākaraṇam grahīṣyan
sūryonmukhaḥ pṛṣṭhagamaḥ kapīndraḥ
udyatgireḥ astagirim jagāma
grantham mahat dhārayat aprameyaḥ

42. purā asau aprameyaḥ kapīndraḥ
vyākaraṇam grahīṣyan sūryonmukhaḥ
pṛṣṭhagamaḥ udyatgireḥ astagirim
jagāma mahat grantham dhārayat

42. Formerly, this chief of monkeys (kapīndra) – immeasurable (aprameya) as he is – desiring to learn grammar (vyākaraṇa), went from the rising mountain to the setting mountain, facing the sun and moving backward, all the while absorbing a vast amount of knowledge (grantha).

Words meanings summery:

• असौ (asau) - referring to Hanumān (that one, he)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in the past, anciently

• व्याकरणम् (vyākaraṇam) - grammar, analysis

• ग्रहीष्यन् (grahīṣyan) - intending to learn grammar (intending to seize, about to learn, desiring to grasp)

• सूर्योन्मुखः (sūryonmukhaḥ) - facing the sun, with face towards the sun

• पृष्ठगमः (pṛṣṭhagamaḥ) - moving backward, walking backward

• कपीन्द्रः (kapīndraḥ) - referring to Hanumān (chief of monkeys, lord of monkeys)

• उद्यत्गिरेः (udyatgireḥ) - from the rising mountain (Udayācala)

• अस्तगिरिम् (astagirim) - to the setting mountain (Astācala)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went

• ग्रन्थम् (grantham) - a treatise, a book, a text, a compilation (referring to the vast knowledge received)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• धारयत् (dhārayat) - absorbing the vast knowledge (carrying, holding, bearing, absorbing)

• अप्रमेयः (aprameyaḥ) - immeasurable, incomprehensible, unquantifiable

Words meanings and morphology

असौ (asau) - referring to Hanumān (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, he, she, it

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in the past, anciently

(indeclinable)

व्याकरणम् (vyākaraṇam) - grammar, analysis

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyākaraṇa

vyākaraṇa - grammar, analysis, explanation, distinction

From `vi` + `ā` + root `kṛ` (to do, make)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ग्रहीष्यन् (grahīṣyan) - intending to learn grammar (intending to seize, about to learn, desiring to grasp)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grahīṣyat

grahīṣyat - about to seize, intending to learn, desiring to grasp

Future Active Participle

From root `grah` (to seize, grasp, learn)

Root: grah (class 9)

सूर्योन्मुखः (sūryonmukhaḥ) - facing the sun, with face towards the sun

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryonmukha

sūryonmukha - facing the sun, having the face turned towards the sun

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūrya+unmukha)

• sūrya – sun, Sun god
  noun (masculine)
• unmukha – facing, having the face turned towards, attentive
  adjective (masculine)
  From `ud` + `mukha` (face)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: mukh

पृष्ठगमः (pṛṣṭhagamaḥ) - moving backward, walking backward

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭhagama

pṛṣṭhagama - moving backward, walking backward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pṛṣṭha+gama)

• pṛṣṭha – back (of the body), rear
  noun (neuter)
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

कपीन्द्रः (kapīndraḥ) - referring to Hanumān (chief of monkeys, lord of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapīndra

kapīndra - chief of monkeys, lord of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+indra)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra
  noun (masculine)

उद्यत्गिरेः (udyatgireḥ) - from the rising mountain (Udayācala)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of udyatgiri

udyatgiri - rising mountain, dawn mountain (mythical mountain where the sun is said to rise)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (udyat+giri)

• udyat – rising, ascending, emerging
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From `ud` + root `i` (to go)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṝ (class 6)

अस्तगिरिम् (astagirim) - to the setting mountain (Astācala)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of astagiri

astagiri - setting mountain, western mountain (mythical mountain where the sun is said to set)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (asta+giri)

• asta – setting, disappearance, western
  noun (masculine)
  From root `as` (to throw, also implies disappearing)
  Root: as (class 2)
• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṝ (class 6)

जगाम (jagāma) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

ग्रन्थम् (grantham) - a treatise, a book, a text, a compilation (referring to the vast knowledge received)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grantha

grantha - a tying, a knot, a composition, a treatise, a book

From root `granth` (to tie, compose)

Root: granth (class 9)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble, important

धारयत् (dhārayat) - absorbing the vast knowledge (carrying, holding, bearing, absorbing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayat

dhārayat - carrying, holding, bearing, supporting

Present Active Participle

From causative stem of root `dhṛ` (to hold, support, bear)

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `kapīndraḥ`.

अप्रमेयः (aprameyaḥ) - immeasurable, incomprehensible, unquantifiable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, incomprehensible, not to be proved or ascertained

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: `a` (not) + `prameya` (measurable, knowable).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prameya – measurable, knowable, provable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From `pra` + root `mā` (to measure, know)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 2)