वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-45

ततः प्रहृष्टवदनः सुग्रीवो लक्ष्मणाग्रजे ।
वैरस्य कारणं तत्त्वमाख्यातुमुपचक्रमे ॥४५॥

45. tataḥ prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ sugrīvo lakṣmaṇāgraje ,
vairasya kāraṇaṃ tattvamākhyātumupacakrame.

45. tataḥ prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ sugrīvaḥ lakṣmaṇāgraje
| vairasya kāraṇam tattvam ākhyātum upacakrame

45. tataḥ prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ sugrīvaḥ lakṣmaṇāgraje
vairasya tattvam kāraṇam ākhyātum upacakrame

45. Then, Sugriva, with a joyful countenance, began to explain to Lakshmana's elder brother (Rama) the true cause of his enmity.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• प्रहृष्टवदनः (prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ) - with a joyful face, beaming, having a cheerful countenance

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (proper noun)

• लक्ष्मणाग्रजे (lakṣmaṇāgraje) - to Rama (to the elder brother of Lakshmana (Rama))

• वैरस्य (vairasya) - of the enmity, of the hostility

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, motive

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the true nature (of the cause) (truth, reality, essence)

• आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to tell, to explain, to narrate

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began, commenced, undertook

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverb indicating sequence or cause.

प्रहृष्टवदनः (prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ) - with a joyful face, beaming, having a cheerful countenance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭavadana

prahṛṣṭavadana - having a joyful face, with a beaming countenance

Bahuvrihi compound of 'prahṛṣṭa' (greatly delighted) and 'vadana' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prahṛṣṭa+vadana)

• prahṛṣṭa – greatly delighted, joyful, elated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'pra-' (greatly) + root 'hṛṣ' (to be glad) with suffix '-ta'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vad' (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sugrīvaḥ'.

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Bahuvrihi compound of 'su-' (good, beautiful) and 'grīva' (neck), meaning 'one with a beautiful neck'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of 'upacakrame'.

लक्ष्मणाग्रजे (lakṣmaṇāgraje) - to Rama (to the elder brother of Lakshmana (Rama))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇāgraja

lakṣmaṇāgraja - elder brother of Lakshmana (an epithet for Rama)

Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa compound of 'lakṣmaṇa' (Lakshmana) and 'agraja' (elder brother).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (lakṣmaṇa+agraja)

• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• agraja – elder brother, born first
  noun (masculine)
  From 'agra' (foremost, first) + root 'jan' (to be born).
  Prefix: agra
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Indicates the recipient of the action 'to explain'.

वैरस्य (vairasya) - of the enmity, of the hostility

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, animosity

Derived from 'vīra' (hero, man) or 'vīra' (enemy).

Note: Qualifies 'kāraṇam'.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, motive

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument, means

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the true nature (of the cause) (truth, reality, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle, true state

From 'tat' (that) + suffix '-tva' (state of being).

Note: In apposition to 'kāraṇam', emphasizing the 'true' cause.

आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to tell, to explain, to narrate

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From 'ā-' (towards) + root 'khyā' (to tell). Infinitive suffix '-tum'.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began, commenced, undertook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of upa-kram

Perfect tense, Middle voice

From 'upa-' (towards) + root 'kram' (to step, go). Perfect tense (liṭ) middle voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)