वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-13

तस्यैकां पर्णबहुलां भङ्क्त्वा शाखां सुपुष्पिताम् ।
सालस्यास्तीर्य सुग्रीवो निषसाद सराघवः ॥१३॥

13. tasyaikāṃ parṇabahulāṃ bhaṅktvā śākhāṃ supuṣpitām ,
sālasyāstīrya sugrīvo niṣasāda sarāghavaḥ.

13. tasya ekām parṇabahulām bhaṅktvā śākhām supuṣpitām
sālasya āstīrya sugrīvaḥ niṣasāda sa-rāghavaḥ

13. sugrīvaḥ,
tasya sālasya parṇabahulām supuṣpitām ekām śākhām bhaṅktvā,
āstīrya sa-rāghavaḥ niṣasāda

13. Having broken off a single, leafy, and profusely flowering branch of that Sāla tree, Sugrīva spread it out and sat down with Rāma.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that Sāla tree (of that, its)

• एकाम् (ekām) - one branch (one, a single)

• पर्णबहुलाम् (parṇabahulām) - qualifying the branch as full of leaves (abundant with leaves, leafy)

• भङ्क्त्वा (bhaṅktvā) - having broken, after breaking

• शाखाम् (śākhām) - branch, bough

• सुपुष्पिताम् (supuṣpitām) - qualifying the branch (profusely flowered, richly blossoming)

• सालस्य (sālasya) - of the Sāla tree

• आस्तीर्य (āstīrya) - having spread out, after spreading

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva, the king of the Vanaras (Sugrīva)

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

• स-राघवः (sa-rāghavaḥ) - Sugrīva, accompanied by Rāma (with Rāghava, accompanied by Rāma)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that Sāla tree (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

एकाम् (ekām) - one branch (one, a single)

(numeral)

पर्णबहुलाम् (parṇabahulām) - qualifying the branch as full of leaves (abundant with leaves, leafy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parṇabahulā

parṇabahulā - abundant in leaves, leafy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parṇa+bahula)

• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• bahula – abundant, plentiful, numerous
  adjective (masculine)

भङ्क्त्वा (bhaṅktvā) - having broken, after breaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form of root `bhañj` (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

शाखाम् (śākhām) - branch, bough

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śākhā

śākhā - branch, bough, arm, division

सुपुष्पिताम् (supuṣpitām) - qualifying the branch (profusely flowered, richly blossoming)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of supuṣpitā

supuṣpitā - well-flowered, profusely blossoming

Past Passive Participle (derived)

Derived from `su` (well) + `puṣpita` (flowered, PPP of `puṣp`)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+puṣpita)

• su – good, well, beautiful, excellent
  indeclinable
• puṣpita – flowered, blossomed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root `puṣp` (to blossom)
  Root: puṣp (class 4)

सालस्य (sālasya) - of the Sāla tree

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāla

sāla - Sāla tree (Shorea robusta)

आस्तीर्य (āstīrya) - having spread out, after spreading

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form of root `stṛ` (to spread) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva, the king of the Vanaras (Sugrīva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (a proper name, lit. 'one with a beautiful neck')

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect

Root `sad` (to sit) with prefix `ni` (down) in Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Conjugation Class 1.

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

स-राघवः (sa-rāghavaḥ) - Sugrīva, accompanied by Rāma (with Rāghava, accompanied by Rāma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarāghava

sarāghava - with Rāghava (Rāma), accompanied by Rāghava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+rāghava)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
• rāghava – descendant of Raghu (an epithet of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)