वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-19

एवमुक्तस्तु तेजस्वी धर्मज्ञो धर्मवत्सलः ।
प्रत्युवाच स काकुत्स्थः सुग्रीवं प्रहसन्निव ॥१९॥

19. evamuktastu tejasvī dharmajño dharmavatsalaḥ ,
pratyuvāca sa kākutsthaḥ sugrīvaṃ prahasanniva.

19. evam uktaḥ tu tejasvī dharmajñaḥ dharmavatsalaḥ
pratyuvāca sa kākutsthaḥ sugrīvam prahasan iva

19. evam uktaḥ tu tejasvī dharmajñaḥ dharmavatsalaḥ
sa kākutsthaḥ prahasan iva sugrīvam pratyuvāca

19. Thus addressed, the glorious descendant of Kakutstha (Kākutstha), who understood natural law (dharma) and was devoted to it, replied to Sugriva as if with a smile.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (referring to Sugriva's speech) (thus; in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Sugriva having been) addressed (spoken; addressed)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but; indeed; on the other hand)

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - the glorious one (referring to Rama) (radiant; glorious; brilliant)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - who understood natural law (dharma) (knower of natural law (dharma); one who knows righteousness)

• धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - who was devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma); one who loves righteousness)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied; answered

• स (sa) - he

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama, the descendant of Kakutstha (Rama (descendant of Kakutstha))

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugriva

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - as if smiling (laughing; smiling)

• इव (iva) - as if; like; seemingly

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (referring to Sugriva's speech) (thus; in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies the verb 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Sugriva having been) addressed (spoken; addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

From root vac, meaning 'spoken'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Sugriva (implicitly) who was 'thus spoken to'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but; indeed; on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects ideas, often suggesting a slight shift or emphasis.

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - the glorious one (referring to Rama) (radiant; glorious; brilliant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, glorious, powerful, brilliant

Possessive suffix -vin added to tejas (splendor).

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ'.

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - who understood natural law (dharma) (knower of natural law (dharma); one who knows righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), one who knows righteousness

Compound of dharma (natural law) + jña (knower).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root jñā
  Suffix -a forming agent noun/adjective from root jñā.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ'.

धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - who was devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma); one who loves righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - devoted to natural law (dharma), one who loves righteousness

Compound of dharma (natural law) + vatsala (affectionate, fond).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – affectionate, fond of, loving
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ'.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied; answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) of root vac with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama, the subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama, the descendant of Kakutstha (Rama (descendant of Kakutstha))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet for Rama)

A patronymic.

Note: The actual subject, specified by the pronoun 'sa'.

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugriva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Object of the verb 'pratyuvāca' (replied to).

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - as if smiling (laughing; smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pra-has

pra-has - to laugh, to smile

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root has with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ', indicating the manner of his reply.

इव (iva) - as if; like; seemingly

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison or appearance.