वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-40

श्रुत्वैतच्च वचो रामः सुग्रीवमिदमब्रवीत् ।
किंनिमित्तमभूद्वैरं श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥४०॥

40. śrutvaitacca vaco rāmaḥ sugrīvamidamabravīt ,
kiṃnimittamabhūdvairaṃ śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ.

40. śrutvā etat ca vacaḥ rāmaḥ sugrīvam idam abravīt
kim-nimittam abhūt vairam śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ

40. rāmaḥ etat ca vacaḥ śrutvā idam sugrīvam abravīt
kim-nimittam vairam abhūt tattvataḥ śrotum icchāmi

40. Having heard these words, Rama then spoke to Sugrīva, saying, 'What was the cause of this enmity? I wish to know the full truth of it.'

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this)

• च (ca) - then (implied by context flow) (and, also)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (Sugrīva's speech) (speech, word, saying)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugrīva

• इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, saying (spoke, said)

• किम्-निमित्तम् (kim-nimittam) - what was the cause (for what reason, what cause)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - occurred, was (was, became, occurred)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - the full truth of it (truly, in truth, in reality)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Qualifies `vacaḥ`.

च (ca) - then (implied by context flow) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (Sugrīva's speech) (speech, word, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice, saying

s-stem neuter noun

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Object of speech.

इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, saying (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √brū, aorist or imperfect form.

Root: brū (class 2)

किम्-निमित्तम् (kim-nimittam) - what was the cause (for what reason, what cause)

(indeclinable)

Compound with interrogative `kim` and `nimitta`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+nimitta)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• nimitta – cause, reason, motive, sign
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use (why) or nominative (what was the cause). Here accusative of reason.

अभूत् (abhūt) - occurred, was (was, became, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist tense, 3rd person singular

Root √bhū (1st conjugation).

Root: bhū (class 1)

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, animosity

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Governed by `icchāmi`.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, 1st person singular

Root √iṣ (6th conjugation).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'I' (Rama).

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - the full truth of it (truly, in truth, in reality)

(indeclinable)

From `tattva` (truth, reality) with suffix -tas (ablative/adverbial).

Note: Modifies `śrotum`.