वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-12

स ददर्श ततः सालमविदूरे हरीश्वरः ।
सुपुष्पमीषत्पत्राढ्यं भ्रमरैरुपशोभितम् ॥१२॥

12. sa dadarśa tataḥ sālamavidūre harīśvaraḥ ,
supuṣpamīṣatpatrāḍhyaṃ bhramarairupaśobhitam.

12. saḥ dadarśa tataḥ sālam avidūre harīśvaraḥ
supuṣpam īṣatpatrāḍhyam bhramarair upaśobhitam

12. tataḥ saḥ harīśvaraḥ avidūre supuṣpam
īṣatpatrāḍhyam bhramarair upaśobhitam sālam dadarśa

12. Then, that lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) saw a Sāla tree not far away, profusely flowering, with young leaves, and beautified by humming bees.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Sugrīva (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सालम् (sālam) - a specific type of large tree (Shorea robusta) (Sāla tree)

• अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far, nearby, at no great distance

• हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - Sugrīva, as the king of the Vanaras (lord of monkeys)

• सुपुष्पम् (supuṣpam) - qualifying the Sāla tree (beautifully flowering, profusely flowered)

• ईषत्पत्राढ्यम् (īṣatpatrāḍhyam) - qualifying the Sāla tree (abundant with young leaves, slightly leafy)

• भ्रमरैर् (bhramarair) - by bees, by humming bees

• उपशोभितम् (upaśobhitam) - the Sāla tree was adorned by bees (adorned, beautified, graced)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - referring to Sugrīva (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect

Root `dṛś` in Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Conjugation Class 1.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun `tad` with suffix `-taḥ`

सालम् (sālam) - a specific type of large tree (Shorea robusta) (Sāla tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāla

sāla - Sāla tree (Shorea robusta)

अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far, nearby, at no great distance

(indeclinable)

Compound of `a` (negation) and `vidūra` (far)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidūra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vidūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used here as an adverbial locative

हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - Sugrīva, as the king of the Vanaras (lord of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harīśvara

harīśvara - lord of monkeys, king of monkeys

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hari+īśvara)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion, Viṣṇu
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, king, god
  noun (masculine)

सुपुष्पम् (supuṣpam) - qualifying the Sāla tree (beautifully flowering, profusely flowered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of supuṣpa

supuṣpa - having beautiful flowers, well-flowered, adorned with flowers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+puṣpa)

• su – good, well, beautiful, excellent
  indeclinable
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)

ईषत्पत्राढ्यम् (īṣatpatrāḍhyam) - qualifying the Sāla tree (abundant with young leaves, slightly leafy)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īṣatpatrāḍhya

īṣatpatrāḍhya - abundant with young leaves, slightly rich in leaves

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (īṣat+patra+āḍhya)

• īṣat – slightly, a little, tender
  indeclinable
• patra – leaf, feather, wing
  noun (neuter)
• āḍhya – rich in, abundant with, wealthy
  adjective (masculine)

भ्रमरैर् (bhramarair) - by bees, by humming bees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhramara

bhramara - bee, humming bee, large black bee

उपशोभितम् (upaśobhitam) - the Sāla tree was adorned by bees (adorned, beautified, graced)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaśobhita

upaśobhita - adorned, decorated, beautified, graced

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root `śubh` (to shine, be beautiful) with prefix `upa`

Prefix: upa

Root: śubh (class 1)