वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-8, verse-39

एष मे राम शोकान्तः शोकार्तेन निवेदितः ।
दुःखितो ऽदुःखितो वापि सख्युर्नित्यं सखा गतिः ॥३९॥

39. eṣa me rāma śokāntaḥ śokārtena niveditaḥ ,
duḥkhito'duḥkhito vāpi sakhyurnityaṃ sakhā gatiḥ.

39. eṣaḥ me rāma śoka-antaḥ śoka-ārtena niveditaḥ
duḥkhitaḥ a-duḥkhitaḥ vā api sakhyuḥ nityam sakhā gatiḥ

39. rāma eṣaḥ śoka-antaḥ me śoka-ārtena niveditaḥ
duḥkhitaḥ vā a-duḥkhitaḥ api sakhā nityam sakhyuḥ gatiḥ

39. O Rama, this resolution to my sorrow has been presented by me, who am afflicted by grief. Whether one is distressed or not, a friend is always the support and refuge of a friend.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the explanation) (this, this one)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, to me)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama (addressing Rāma) (O Rama)

• शोक-अन्तः (śoka-antaḥ) - resolution to my sorrow, end of grief (end of sorrow)

• शोक-आर्तेन (śoka-ārtena) - by me, who am afflicted by grief (by one afflicted by sorrow)

• निवेदितः (niveditaḥ) - presented (reported, communicated, presented)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

• अ-दुःखितः (a-duḥkhitaḥ) - not distressed (not distressed, not sorrowful, happy)

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• सख्युः (sakhyuḥ) - of a friend

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• सखा (sakhā) - a friend (friend, companion)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - support and refuge (refuge, resort, way, destination)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the explanation) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Subject.

मे (me) - by me (by me, to me)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Used with passive construction (`niveditaḥ`).

राम (rāma) - O Rama (addressing Rāma) (O Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

शोक-अन्तः (śoka-antaḥ) - resolution to my sorrow, end of grief (end of sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka-anta

śoka-anta - end of sorrow, cessation of grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+anta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, boundary, conclusion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the description given by Sugrīva.

शोक-आर्तेन (śoka-ārtena) - by me, who am afflicted by grief (by one afflicted by sorrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka-ārta

śoka-ārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ṛ 'to go' or √ā-ṛ 'to approach, suffer'
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action `niveditaḥ`.

निवेदितः (niveditaḥ) - presented (reported, communicated, presented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivedita

nivedita - reported, announced, presented, informed

Past Passive Participle

From root √vid 'to know' with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, miserable

Past Passive Participle

From root √duḥkh (to suffer pain)

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

अ-दुःखितः (a-duḥkhitaḥ) - not distressed (not distressed, not sorrowful, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of a-duḥkhita

a-duḥkhita - not distressed, not sorrowful, happy

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and 'duḥkhita'

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+duḥkhita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √duḥkh (to suffer pain)
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

सख्युः (sakhyuḥ) - of a friend

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

i-stem noun

Note: Possessive.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

सखा (sakhā) - a friend (friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

i-stem noun

Note: Subject.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - support and refuge (refuge, resort, way, destination)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, recourse, refuge, state, condition

From root √gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)