वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-39, verse-54

तत्र वैखानसा नाम वालखिल्या महर्षयः ।
प्रकाशमाना दृश्यन्ते सूर्यवर्णास्तपस्विनः ॥५४॥

54. tatra vaikhānasā nāma vālakhilyā maharṣayaḥ ,
prakāśamānā dṛśyante sūryavarṇāstapasvinaḥ.

54. tatra vaikhānasā nāma vālakhilyā maharṣayaḥ
prakāśamānāḥ dṛśyante sūryavarṇāḥ tapasvinaḥ

54. tatra vaikhānasā nāma vālakhilyā maharṣayaḥ
sūryavarṇāḥ tapasvinaḥ prakāśamānāḥ dṛśyante

54. There are seen the great sages, known as Vaikhānasas and Vālakhilyas, who are ascetics (tapasvinaḥ) radiant as the sun, shining brightly.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - on that (Saumanasa) peak (there, in that place)

• वैखानसा (vaikhānasā) - (sages) named Vaikhānasas (relating to Vikhānas, named Vaikhānasas)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named (as) (by name, indeed, verily)

• वालखिल्या (vālakhilyā) - Vālakhilyas (a group of mythical sages) (Vālakhilyas (a class of sages))

• महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

• प्रकाशमानाः (prakāśamānāḥ) - shining brightly (shining, appearing brightly)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen (are seen, appear)

• सूर्यवर्णाः (sūryavarṇāḥ) - radiant as the sun (sun-colored, having the color of the sun, radiant like the sun)

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics (tapasvinaḥ) (ascetics, devotees, practitioners of austerity (tapas))

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - on that (Saumanasa) peak (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + tral suffix

Note: Locative adverb.

वैखानसा (vaikhānasā) - (sages) named Vaikhānasas (relating to Vikhānas, named Vaikhānasas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaikhānasa

vaikhānasa - a forest hermit, a class of sages, followers of Vikhānasa

Derived from Vikhānasa (name of a sage/Rishi) + a suffix.

Note: Describing the sages.

नाम (nāma) - by name, named (as) (by name, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

From root jñā (to know) / nam (to bow), related to nominal forms.

वालखिल्या (vālakhilyā) - Vālakhilyas (a group of mythical sages) (Vālakhilyas (a class of sages))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vālakhilya

vālakhilya - a class of 60,000 pygmy sages born from Brahma's body, followers of a particular Rishi or tradition.

Derived from balakhilya (a proper name).

Note: Describing the sages.

महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound of mahā (great) + ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛṣ (to go, move, flow, know).
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject.

प्रकाशमानाः (prakāśamānāḥ) - shining brightly (shining, appearing brightly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prakāśamāna

prakāśamāna - shining, radiant, appearing, manifest

Present Middle Participle

From root kāś (to shine) with upasarga pra + śānac (middle participle) suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the sages.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen (are seen, appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense

Root dṛś, Present Passive, 3rd person plural.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The passive voice means the sages 'are seen'.

सूर्यवर्णाः (sūryavarṇāḥ) - radiant as the sun (sun-colored, having the color of the sun, radiant like the sun)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūryavarṇa

sūryavarṇa - sun-colored, golden, radiant as the sun

Compound of sūrya (sun) + varṇa (color, appearance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūrya+varṇa)

• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, appearance, caste, sound, letter
  noun (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to cover) or varṇ (to describe).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes the sages.

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics (tapasvinaḥ) (ascetics, devotees, practitioners of austerity (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, one who practices austerities (tapas)

From tapas (austerity) + vin suffix (possessing, having).

Note: In apposition to maharṣayaḥ.