वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-39, verse-1

अथ राजा समृद्धार्थः सुग्रीवः प्लवगेश्वरः ।
उवाच नरशार्दूलं रामं परबलार्दनम् ॥१॥

1. atha rājā samṛddhārthaḥ sugrīvaḥ plavageśvaraḥ ,
uvāca naraśārdūlaṃ rāmaṃ parabalārdanam.

1. atha rājā samṛddhārthaḥ sugrīvaḥ plavageśvaraḥ
uvāca naraśārdūlam rāmam parabalārdanam

1. atha samṛddhārthaḥ rājā plavageśvaraḥ sugrīvaḥ
naraśārdūlam parabalārdanam rāmam uvāca

1. Then, King Sugriva, the lord of the monkeys (plavageśvara) whose purpose was fulfilled, spoke to Rama, the lion among men (naraśārdūla) and suppressor of enemy forces.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• समृद्धार्थः (samṛddhārthaḥ) - whose aims are fulfilled, successful in purpose, prosperous

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• प्लवगेश्वरः (plavageśvaraḥ) - lord of the monkeys, chief of the jump-goers

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• नरशार्दूलम् (naraśārdūlam) - To Rama, who is a lion among men (to the lion among men, to the best of men)

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama

• परबलार्दनम् (parabalārdanam) - Rama, who suppresses enemy forces (the suppressor of enemy forces, destroyer of hostile armies)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

समृद्धार्थः (samṛddhārthaḥ) - whose aims are fulfilled, successful in purpose, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samṛddhārtha

samṛddhārtha - one whose purpose is accomplished, prosperous, successful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samṛddha+artha)

• samṛddha – prosperous, thriving, accomplished, fulfilled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛdh' (to grow, prosper) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ṛdh (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - a proper name, particularly of the monkey king

प्लवगेश्वरः (plavageśvaraḥ) - lord of the monkeys, chief of the jump-goers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of plavageśvara

plavageśvara - lord of the monkeys (lit. 'lord of those who jump')

Compound type : tatpurusha (plavaga+īśvara)

• plavaga – monkey (lit. 'one who jumps')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun (kṛt)
  From root 'plu' (to float, jump) + 'ga' (going)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

नरशार्दूलम् (naraśārdūlam) - To Rama, who is a lion among men (to the lion among men, to the best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - lion among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, lion; best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, a proper name

परबलार्दनम् (parabalārdanam) - Rama, who suppresses enemy forces (the suppressor of enemy forces, destroyer of hostile armies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parabalārdana

parabalārdana - destroyer of hostile armies, oppressor of enemy forces

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+bala+ardana)

• para – other, foreign, hostile, supreme
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)
• ardana – hurting, afflicting, destroying
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun (kṛt)
  From root 'ard' (to hurt, destroy)
  Root: ard (class 1)