वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-39, verse-28

गिरिभिर्ये च गम्यन्ते प्लवनेन प्लवेन च ।
रत्नवन्तं यवद्वीपं सप्तराज्योपशोभितम् ॥२८॥

28. giribhirye ca gamyante plavanena plavena ca ,
ratnavantaṃ yavadvīpaṃ saptarājyopaśobhitam.

28. giribhiḥ ye ca gamyante plavanena plavena ca
| ratnavantam yavadvīpam saptarājyopaśobhitam

28. ye ca giribhiḥ plavanena ca plavena gamyante
ratnavantam saptarājyopaśobhitam yavadvīpam

28. And those places which are reached by mountains, by swimming, and by boat – (among them) the jewel-rich island of Java (Yavadvīpa), adorned with seven kingdoms.

Words meanings summery:

• गिरिभिः (giribhiḥ) - by mountains, through mountains

• ये (ye) - which, those who

• च (ca) - and, also

• गम्यन्ते (gamyante) - are reached, are gone, are traversed

• प्लवनेन (plavanena) - by swimming, by floating, by sailing

• प्लवेन (plavena) - by boat, by raft

• च (ca) - and, also

• रत्नवन्तम् (ratnavantam) - jewel-possessing, rich in jewels

• यवद्वीपम् (yavadvīpam) - the island of Java (Yavadvīpa) (Java island, barley island)

• सप्तराज्योपशोभितम् (saptarājyopaśobhitam) - adorned with seven kingdoms

Words meanings and morphology

गिरिभिः (giribhiḥ) - by mountains, through mountains

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

ये (ye) - which, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गम्यन्ते (gamyante) - are reached, are gone, are traversed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Middle Passive

Root: gam (class 1)

प्लवनेन (plavanena) - by swimming, by floating, by sailing

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of plavana

plavana - swimming, floating, sailing, a boat

Root: plu (class 1)

प्लवेन (plavena) - by boat, by raft

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of plava

plava - boat, raft, ship

Root: plu (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रत्नवन्तम् (ratnavantam) - jewel-possessing, rich in jewels

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratnavant

ratnavant - possessing jewels, rich in gems

Possessive suffix 'vatup'/'matup'

यवद्वीपम् (yavadvīpam) - the island of Java (Yavadvīpa) (Java island, barley island)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yavadvīpa

yavadvīpa - Java island (literally 'barley island')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (yava+dvīpa)

• yava – barley
  noun (masculine)
• dvīpa – island, continent
  noun (masculine)

सप्तराज्योपशोभितम् (saptarājyopaśobhitam) - adorned with seven kingdoms

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saptarājyopaśobhita

saptarājyopaśobhita - adorned with seven kingdoms

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saptarājya+upaśobhita)

• saptarājya – seven kingdoms
  noun (neuter)
• upaśobhita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śubh' with 'upa' prefix and '-ita' suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: śubh (class 1)