वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-39, verse-37

ते पतन्ति जले नित्यं सूर्यस्योदयनं प्रति ।
अभितप्ताश्च सूर्येण लम्बन्ते स्म पुनः पुनः ॥३७॥

37. te patanti jale nityaṃ sūryasyodayanaṃ prati ,
abhitaptāśca sūryeṇa lambante sma punaḥ punaḥ.

37. te patanti jale nityam sūryasya udayanam prati
abhitaptāḥ ca sūryeṇa lambante sma punaḥ punaḥ

37. te nityam sūryasya udayanam prati jale patanti
sūryeṇa abhitaptāḥ ca punaḥ punaḥ lambante sma

37. Daily they fall into the water towards the rising of the sun. Being scorched by the sun, they would then hang again and again.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (Rākṣasas) (they)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

• जले (jale) - in the water, into the water

• नित्यम् (nityam) - daily, constantly, always

• सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

• उदयनम् (udayanam) - the rising (of the sun) (rising, ascending)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (the rising) (towards, against, regarding)

• अभितप्ताः (abhitaptāḥ) - being scorched (by the sun) (scorched, heated)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

• लम्बन्ते (lambante) - they would hang (implying repeated action due to 'sma') (they hang, they suspend themselves)

• स्म (sma) - (used with present verb to denote past or habitual past action) (a particle indicating past tense with a present verb, or reiteration)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (Rākṣasas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: √pat (class 1)

जले (jale) - in the water, into the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

नित्यम् (nityam) - daily, constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially here

सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, Sun god

उदयनम् (udayanam) - the rising (of the sun) (rising, ascending)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udayana

udayana - rising, ascension, course, progress

Verbal noun

From verb root √i (to go) with prefix ud- and suffix -ana

Prefix: ud

Root: √i (class 2)

प्रति (prati) - towards (the rising) (towards, against, regarding)

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing accusative

अभितप्ताः (abhitaptāḥ) - being scorched (by the sun) (scorched, heated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhitapta

abhitapta - scorched, heated, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From verb root √tap (to heat, burn) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: √tap (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, Sun god

लम्बन्ते (lambante) - they would hang (implying repeated action due to 'sma') (they hang, they suspend themselves)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of lamb

Root: √lamb (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (used with present verb to denote past or habitual past action) (a particle indicating past tense with a present verb, or reiteration)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)