वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-24, verse-8

किं तु काल परीणामो द्रष्टव्यः साधु पश्यता ।
धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च कालक्रमसमाहिताः ॥८॥

8. kiṃ tu kāla parīṇāmo draṣṭavyaḥ sādhu paśyatā ,
dharmaścārthaśca kāmaśca kālakramasamāhitāḥ.

8. kim tu kāla pariṇāmaḥ draṣṭavyaḥ sādhu paśyatā
dharmaḥ ca arthaḥ ca kāmaḥ ca kālakramasamāhitāḥ

8. sādhu paśyatā kāla pariṇāmaḥ draṣṭavyaḥ kim tu
dharmaḥ ca arthaḥ ca kāmaḥ ca kālakramasamāhitāḥ

8. However, one who observes wisely should recognize the transformation brought about by time. Both the pursuit of natural law (dharma), material prosperity (artha), and sensual pleasure (kāma) are all subject to the progression of time.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - indeed, however (as part of 'kim tu') (what?, indeed, a little)

• तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• काल (kāla) - time (time, suitable time, season, death)

• परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ) - transformation (change, transformation, result, ripening)

• द्रष्टव्यः (draṣṭavyaḥ) - should be recognized/observed (to be seen, to be observed, visible)

• साधु (sādhu) - rightly, wisely, properly (good, virtuous, righteous, excellent, properly, well)

• पश्यता (paśyatā) - by one who observes (wisely) (by one seeing, by one observing)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - material prosperity (artha) (purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - sensual pleasure (kāma) (desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कालक्रमसमाहिताः (kālakramasamāhitāḥ) - subject to the progression of time (subject to the succession of time, fixed by the order of time)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - indeed, however (as part of 'kim tu') (what?, indeed, a little)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

काल (kāla) - time (time, suitable time, season, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, black, dark, season, death, destiny

परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ) - transformation (change, transformation, result, ripening)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariṇāma

pariṇāma - change, transformation, development, result, ripening, digestion

Derived from 'pari-ṇam' (to change, ripen).

Prefix: pari

Root: ṇam (class 1)

Note: Forms a Tatpuruṣa compound 'kāla-pariṇāma' (transformation of time) when combined with 'kāla'.

द्रष्टव्यः (draṣṭavyaḥ) - should be recognized/observed (to be seen, to be observed, visible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭavya

draṣṭavya - to be seen, visible, to be observed, to be understood

Gerundive

Formed from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective, implying obligation.

साधु (sādhu) - rightly, wisely, properly (good, virtuous, righteous, excellent, properly, well)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'paśyatā'.

पश्यता (paśyatā) - by one who observes (wisely) (by one seeing, by one observing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing, looking

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with present stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions substantively as 'by one who is seeing'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, intrinsic nature

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - material prosperity (artha) (purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity, interest

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कामः (kāmaḥ) - sensual pleasure (kāma) (desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure, Cupid

From root 'kam' (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कालक्रमसमाहिताः (kālakramasamāhitāḥ) - subject to the progression of time (subject to the succession of time, fixed by the order of time)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālakramasamāhita

kālakramasamāhita - dependent on the course of time, fixed by the succession of time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+krama+samāhita)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• krama – step, sequence, order, progression
  noun (masculine)
• samāhita – placed, fixed, attentive, composed, united, subject to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place) with upasargas 'sam-ā'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to dharma, artha, and kāma.