वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-24, verse-6

न कालः कालमत्येति न कालः परिहीयते ।
स्वभावं वा समासाद्य न कश्चिदतिवर्तते ॥६॥

6. na kālaḥ kālamatyeti na kālaḥ parihīyate ,
svabhāvaṃ vā samāsādya na kaścidativartate.

6. na kālaḥ kālam atyeti na kālaḥ parihīyate
svabhāvam vā samāsādya na kaścit ativartate

6. kālaḥ kālam na atyeti kālaḥ na parihīyate
vā svabhāvam samāsādya kaścit na ativartate

6. Time does not surpass itself, nor is time ever diminished. Furthermore, no one, having attained their intrinsic nature, can ever transgress it.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, season, period)

• कालम् (kālam) - time (referring to a period of time or its own progression) (time, period (accusative))

• अत्येति (atyeti) - surpasses (surpasses, overcomes, passes beyond)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, season, period)

• परिहीयते (parihīyate) - is diminished (is lost, diminishes, is abandoned, is wanting)

• स्वभावम् (svabhāvam) - one's intrinsic nature (one's own nature, intrinsic nature (accusative))

• वा (vā) - furthermore, or (connects statements) (or, either...or)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having attained (having attained, having reached, having met)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (anyone, someone, anything)

• अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - can ever transgress it (transgresses, goes beyond, disobeys)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, season, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

कालम् (kālam) - time (referring to a period of time or its own progression) (time, period (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

Note: Object of `atyeti`.

अत्येति (atyeti) - surpasses (surpasses, overcomes, passes beyond)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ati-i

Present Active

Derived from prefix ati + root i (to go).

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, season, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

परिहीयते (parihīyate) - is diminished (is lost, diminishes, is abandoned, is wanting)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pari-hā

Present Middle

Derived from prefix pari + root hā (to abandon) in passive voice or root hī (to diminish) in Middle voice.

Prefix: pari

Root: hā (class 3)

स्वभावम् (svabhāvam) - one's intrinsic nature (one's own nature, intrinsic nature (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own being, intrinsic nature, inherent quality, disposition

Compound of sva (own) and bhāva (being).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāva)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• bhāva – being, state, condition, existence, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhū.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of the gerund `samāsādya`.

वा (vā) - furthermore, or (connects statements) (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having attained (having attained, having reached, having met)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from prefixes sam + ā + root sad (to sit, approach) + suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: As an absolutive, it acts as an indeclinable, describing an action preceding the main verb.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone (anyone, someone, anything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, anything

Indefinite pronoun formed from kaḥ + cit.

अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - can ever transgress it (transgresses, goes beyond, disobeys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ati-vṛt

Present Middle

Derived from prefix ati + root vṛt (to turn, exist).

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

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