वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-24, verse-30

पुलिने गिरिनद्यास्तु विविक्ते जलसंवृते ।
चितां चक्रुः सुबहवो वानरा वनचारिणः ॥३०॥

30. puline girinadyāstu vivikte jalasaṃvṛte ,
citāṃ cakruḥ subahavo vānarā vanacāriṇaḥ.

30. puline girinadyāḥ tu vivikte jalasaṃvṛte
citām cakruḥ subahavaḥ vānarāḥ vanacāriṇaḥ

30. girinadyāḥ tu vivikte jalasamvṛte puline
subahavaḥ vanacāriṇaḥ vānarāḥ citām cakruḥ

30. On a secluded sandbank of the mountain river, which was encompassed by water, very many forest-dwelling monkeys then constructed a funeral pyre.

Words meanings summery:

• पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank (of the river) (on the sandbank, on the island)

• गिरिनद्याः (girinadyāḥ) - of the mountain river

• तु (tu) - then (connective) (but, and, on the other hand)

• विविक्ते (vivikte) - secluded (secluded, solitary, isolated)

• जलसंवृते (jalasaṁvṛte) - encompassed by water (encompassed by water, surrounded by water)

• चिताम् (citām) - a funeral pyre (funeral pyre)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they constructed (a pyre) (they did, they made)

• सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - very many (very many, a large number)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

• वनचारिणः (vanacāriṇaḥ) - the forest-dwelling (monkeys) (forest-dwellers, roaming in forests)

Words meanings and morphology

पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank (of the river) (on the sandbank, on the island)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pulina

pulina - sandbank, island, shore

गिरिनद्याः (girinadyāḥ) - of the mountain river

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of girinadī

girinadī - mountain river

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+nadī)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - then (connective) (but, and, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

विविक्ते (vivikte) - secluded (secluded, solitary, isolated)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vivikta

vivikta - secluded, solitary, isolated, separated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vic' (to separate) with 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

जलसंवृते (jalasaṁvṛte) - encompassed by water (encompassed by water, surrounded by water)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of jalasaṃvṛta

jalasaṁvṛta - encompassed by water, surrounded by water

Tatpurusha compound (instrumental).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+saṃvṛta)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, surrounded, encompassed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛ' (to cover) with 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

चिताम् (citām) - a funeral pyre (funeral pyre)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of citā

citā - funeral pyre, pile of wood

From root 'ci' (to pile up).

Root: ci (class 5)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they constructed (a pyre) (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - very many (very many, a large number)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very many, very much, numerous

Compound with 'su' (good, very).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga
• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Root: van (class 1)

वनचारिणः (vanacāriṇaḥ) - the forest-dwelling (monkeys) (forest-dwellers, roaming in forests)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanacārin

vanacārin - forest-dweller, roaming in forests

Agent noun from 'car' (to roam) with 'vana'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+cārin)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, wandering, going; dweller, practitioner
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'car' (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)