वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-66, verse-9

यन्मे धनं च रत्नं च ददौ राजा परंतपः ।
परिश्रान्तं पथ्यभवत्ततो ऽहं पूर्वमागतः ॥९॥

9. yanme dhanaṃ ca ratnaṃ ca dadau rājā paraṃtapaḥ ,
pariśrāntaṃ pathyabhavattato'haṃ pūrvamāgataḥ.

9. yat me dhanam ca ratnam ca dadau rājā paraṃtapaḥ
pariśrāntam pathyam abhavat tataḥ aham pūrvam āgataḥ

9. paraṃtapaḥ rājā yat dhanam ca ratnam ca me dadau (tat)
pariśrāntam pathyam abhavat tataḥ aham pūrvam āgataḥ

9. The king, tormentor of foes, gave me wealth and jewels. When exhausted, these became useful provisions. Therefore, I arrived earlier.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what (wealth and jewels) (which, what)

• मे (me) - to me (Bharata) (to me, my, for me)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, money

• च (ca) - and, also

• रत्नम् (ratnam) - jewel, gem, precious thing

• च (ca) - and, also

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• राजा (rājā) - King Dasaratha (king)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - King Dasaratha, who torments his foes (tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies)

• परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - when one was exhausted (functioning adverbially) (exhausted, weary, very tired)

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - useful provisions for the journey (suitable for the road, provision for a journey, wholesome)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

• अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata) (I)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - earlier (than expected) (before, earlier, first)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what (wealth and jewels) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to 'dhanam' and 'ratnam'.

मे (me) - to me (Bharata) (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Enclitic form of the 1st person pronoun (asmad)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, money

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रत्नम् (ratnam) - jewel, gem, precious thing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ratna

ratna - jewel, gem, precious thing

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √dā

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

राजा (rājā) - King Dasaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - King Dasaratha, who torments his foes (tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, foe
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, one who performs austerities
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the king.

परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - when one was exhausted (functioning adverbially) (exhausted, weary, very tired)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - exhausted, weary, very tired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'when exhausted' or 'in the state of exhaustion'.

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - useful provisions for the journey (suitable for the road, provision for a journey, wholesome)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - suitable for a path or journey, wholesome, beneficial, provision for a journey

Gerundive

Derived from 'path' (path, way) with suffix -ya (meaning 'suitable for').

Root: path

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √bhū

Imperfect 3rd person singular active of root √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - earlier (than expected) (before, earlier, first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, earlier, first

Note: Functions adverbially, 'earlier'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)