वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-66, verse-20

स रुदत्या चिरं कालं भूमौ विपरिवृत्य च ।
जननीं प्रत्युवाचेदं शोकैर्बहुभिरावृतः ॥२०॥

20. sa rudatyā ciraṃ kālaṃ bhūmau viparivṛtya ca ,
jananīṃ pratyuvācedaṃ śokairbahubhirāvṛtaḥ.

20. saḥ rudatyā ciram kālam bhūmau viparivṛtya ca
jananīm pratyuvāca idam śokaiḥ bahubhiḥ āvṛtaḥ

20. saḥ śokaiḥ bahubhiḥ āvṛtaḥ rudatyā ciram kālam
bhūmau viparivṛtya ca jananīm idam pratyuvāca

20. He, overwhelmed by many sorrows, replied this to his mother, after rolling on the ground for a long time while she was weeping.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He, that one.

• रुदत्या (rudatyā) - By weeping, while weeping (feminine).

• चिरम् (ciram) - For a long time, long.

• कालम् (kālam) - Time.

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - On the ground, on the earth.

• विपरिवृत्य (viparivṛtya) - Having rolled around, having turned over.

• च (ca) - And.

• जननीम् (jananīm) - To the mother.

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - He replied, he spoke back.

• इदम् (idam) - This, these words.

• शोकैः (śokaiḥ) - By sorrows, by griefs.

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - By many.

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - Covered, surrounded, overwhelmed.

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He, that one.

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रुदत्या (rudatyā) - By weeping, while weeping (feminine).

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rudatī

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Feminine Instrumental Singular from √rud (to weep).

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Used as an adverbial participle.

चिरम् (ciram) - For a long time, long.

(indeclinable)

Neuter Accusative Singular, used adverbially.

Note: Functions as an adverb of time.

कालम् (kālam) - Time.

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Masculine Accusative Singular.

Note: Used adverbially with 'ciram' to mean 'for a long time'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - On the ground, on the earth.

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Feminine Locative Singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

विपरिवृत्य (viparivṛtya) - Having rolled around, having turned over.

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From vi-pari-√vṛt.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - And.

(indeclinable)

जननीम् (jananīm) - To the mother.

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jananī

jananī - mother, producer

Feminine Accusative Singular.

Root: jan (class 4)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - He replied, he spoke back.

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pratyuvāca

Perfect, 3rd Person Singular

From prati-√vac (irregular perfect form).

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - This, these words.

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Neuter Accusative Singular. Refers to the following speech.

शोकैः (śokaiḥ) - By sorrows, by griefs.

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish

Masculine Instrumental Plural.

Root: śuc (class 1)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - By many.

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

Masculine Instrumental Plural.

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - Covered, surrounded, overwhelmed.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

Masculine Nominative Singular from ā-√vṛ (to cover).

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)