वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-66, verse-33

क्व चेदानीं स धर्मात्मा कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः ।
लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा सीतया च समं गतः ॥३३॥

33. kva cedānīṃ sa dharmātmā kausalyānandavardhanaḥ ,
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā sītayā ca samaṃ gataḥ.

33. kva ca idānīm saḥ dharmātmā kausalyānandavardhanaḥ
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā sītayā ca samam gataḥ

33. kva ca idānīm saḥ dharmātmā kausalyānandavardhanaḥ
bhrātrā lakṣmaṇena saha ca sītayā samam gataḥ

33. And where now has that righteous soul (dharmātmā), who brings joy to Kausalya, gone, accompanied by his brother Lakshmana and Sita?

Words meanings summery:

• क्व (kva) - where, in what place

• च (ca) - and, also

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous soul, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is the law

• कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः (kausalyānandavardhanaḥ) - increaser of Kausalya's joy

• लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana, with Lakshmana

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by brother, with brother

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

• च (ca) - and, also

• समम् (samam) - equally, together with, at the same time

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

क्व (kva) - where, in what place

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this question with previous thoughts/statements.

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he

Note: Subject of gataḥ.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous soul, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is the law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is the law, just, virtuous

dharma (natural law) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः (kausalyānandavardhanaḥ) - increaser of Kausalya's joy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kausalyānandavardhana

kausalyānandavardhana - causing increase of Kausalya's joy, enhancer of Kausalya's delight

kausalyā (Kausalya's) + ānanda (joy) + vardhana (increaser)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kausalyā+ānanda+vardhana)

• kausalyā – Kausalya (Rama's mother)
  proper noun (feminine)
• ānanda – joy, happiness, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, enhancing, causing to grow
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from verbal root
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana, with Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother)

Note: Governed by saha.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by brother, with brother

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Agrees with lakṣmaṇena.

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (Rama's wife)

Note: Governed by samam.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Sita with Lakshmana.

समम् (samam) - equally, together with, at the same time

(indeclinable)

Used as an adverb here, often governing instrumental.

Note: Governs sītayā.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

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