वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-66, verse-23

अम्ब केनात्यगाद् राजा व्याधिना मय्यनागते ।
धन्या रामादयः सर्वे यैः पिता संस्कृतः स्वयम् ॥२३॥

23. amba kenātyagād rājā vyādhinā mayyanāgate ,
dhanyā rāmādayaḥ sarve yaiḥ pitā saṃskṛtaḥ svayam.

23. amba kena atyagāt rājā vyādhinā mayi anāgate
dhanyāḥ rāma-ādayaḥ sarve yaiḥ pitā saṃskṛtaḥ svayam

23. amba mayi anāgate rājā kena vyādhinā atyagāt sarve
rāma-ādayaḥ yaiḥ pitā svayam saṃskṛtaḥ dhanyāḥ

23. Mother, by what illness did the king pass away while I was absent? Fortunate are Rama and others, all of whom personally performed the funeral rites (saṃskāra) for their father.

Words meanings summery:

• अम्ब (amba) - O mother

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - passed away (died) (passed away, went beyond)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by illness, by disease

• मयि (mayi) - while I was (in me, on me, regarding me)

• अनागते (anāgate) - while I was absent (not arrived, not come, absent)

• धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - fortunate, blessed, happy

• राम-आदयः (rāma-ādayaḥ) - Rama and others

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which (plural)

• पिता (pitā) - father

• संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - for whom funeral rites (saṃskāra) were performed (consecrated, purified, adorned, cultured, performed (funeral rites))

• स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself, spontaneously

Words meanings and morphology

अम्ब (amba) - O mother

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of ambā

ambā - mother

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - passed away (died) (passed away, went beyond)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of atiga

Aorist

3rd person singular Aorist, parasmaipada, with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by illness, by disease

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyādhi

vyādhi - illness, disease, sickness

मयि (mayi) - while I was (in me, on me, regarding me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

अनागते (anāgate) - while I was absent (not arrived, not come, absent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of anāgata

anāgata - not arrived, not come, future, absent

Past Passive Participle

Formed from negative prefix 'an-' and 'āgata' (PPP of 'ā-gam')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āgata)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from 'ā-gam' (to come)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mayi' (implicitly the speaker, masculine in this context)

धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - fortunate, blessed, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanya

dhanya - fortunate, lucky, blessed, prosperous

राम-आदयः (rāma-ādayaḥ) - Rama and others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rāma-ādi

rāma-ādi - Rama and so on, Rama and others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+ādi)

• rāma – Rama (proper name), pleasing, black
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on, others
  noun (masculine)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - for whom funeral rites (saṃskāra) were performed (consecrated, purified, adorned, cultured, performed (funeral rites))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - consecrated, purified, prepared, refined, adorned, cultivated, polished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Here used in the sense of 'one for whom rites (saṃskāra) were performed'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)